VUSN HEHI 5103 F & E Hormones Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions

VUSN HEHI 5103 F & E Hormones Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions What is the "RAA System"? - Answer️️ -Renin → Angiotensin → Aldosterone System What triggers RAA system? - Answer️️ -Sympathetic NS stimulation (fight or flight), low blood volume, low blood pressure (hypotension) Describe pathway of RAA system. - Answer️️ -Kidney secretes renin in response to low blood volume → renin travels to liver & triggers production of angiotensin I → angiotensin I travels to lungs & converts to angiotensin II → angiotensin II travels to adrenal glands & stimulates production of aldosterone What enzyme is responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II? - Answer️️ -Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) What are two important functions of angiotensin II and what is the result? - Answer️️ -Peripheral vasoconstriction & stimulation of production of aldosterone → increase blood pressure Where is aldosterone produced and where does it act? - Answer️️ - Produced in adrenal cortex, acts on kidney What are the effects of aldosterone release on fluid & electrolyte balance? - Answer️️ -- increases renal retention of Na+ ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Sunday, August 25, 2024 2:42 PM Vanderbilt University School of Nursing 2 - increases renal excretion of K+ - increases water retention - increases blood pressure Where is cortisol produced and where does it act? - Answer️️ -Produced in adrenal cortex, acts on kidney What are the effects of cortisol release on fluid & electrolyte balance? - Answer️️ -- increases renal retention of Na+ - increases blood pressure How is the action of cortisol different than that of aldosterone? - Answer️️ -Action of cortisol (a glucocorticoid) much less intense than action of aldosterone (a mineralocorticoid) Where is Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) produced? - Answer️️ - Produced in right atrium of heart What triggers release of ANP? - Answer️️ -Elevation in (atrial) blood pressure What are the effects of ANP release on fluid & electrolyte balance? - Answer️️ -ANP released in response to elevation in BP → inhibits Na+ reabsorption and aldosterone secretion → increases renal secretion of Na+ and H2O ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Sunday, August 25, 2024 2:42 PM Vanderbilt University School of Nursing 3 What are the effects of ANP release on blood vessels & BP? - Answer️️ - Dilation (vasodilation) → decreased blood volume → decreased BP Where is ADH (vasopressin) produced & stored, and where does it act? - Answer️️ -Produced in hypothalamus, stored in posterior pituitary, acts on kidney What triggers the release of ADH? - Answer️️ -Decreased blood volume/pressure and/or increased serum concentration (due to loss of water) What are the effects of ADH release on fluid & electrolyte balance & urine output? - Answer️️ -"water-conserving hormone" Renal retention of H2O → increased blood volume & dilution of serum concentration of Na+ → more concentrated urine What is the impact of ADH release on blood vessels & BP? - Answer️️ - Constriction (vasoconstriction) →increased blood volume → increa