PATHO FINAL EXAM/ NURS 5315 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM/ Real Exam Questions with Correct Verified Answers –
Latest Update 2024/ Rated A+
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia? A patient with:
A. Dehydration
B. Vomiting
C. Diuretic use
D. Hypoaldosteronism - ANSWER - A. Dehydration
Confirmation of somatic death is based on:
A. Complete cessation of respiration and circulation
B. Presence of livor mortis
C. Presence of algor mortis
D. Change in skin color to pale yellow - ANSWER - A. Complete cessation of respiration and circulation
A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy, confusion, and depressed reflexes. His wife
indicates that he does not follow the prescribed diet and takes his medication sporadically. Lab results
indicate hyperglycemia. Which assessment finding is most likely to occur?
A. Decreased urine formation
B. Clammy skin
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Decreased sodium - ANSWER - D. Decreased sodium
pg. 1
,A 50-year-old male sustained a closed head injury as a result of a motor vehicle accident. CT scan
revealed a collection of blood between the inner surface of the dura mater and the surface of the brain.
Which type of injury will the nurse be caring for?
A. Epidural hematoma
B. Contusion
C. Abrasion
D. Subdural hematoma - ANSWER - D. Subdural hematoma
A 50-year-old male intravenous drug user is diagnosed with hepatitis C. Examination of the liver reveals
cell death secondary to:
A. Pyknosis
B. Physiologic apoptosis
C. Fat necrosis
D. Pathologic apoptosis - ANSWER - D. Pathologic apoptosis
An 86-year-old female patient has the wasting syndrome of aging, making her vulnerable to falls,
functional decline, disease, and death. The nurse knows this patient is experiencing:
A. Sarcopenia
B. Somatic death
C. Frailty
D. Cellular aging - ANSWER - C. Frailty
A family presents to their primary care provider reporting headache, nausea, weakness, and vomiting.
Which of the following would be the most likely explanation for these symptoms?
A. Lead exposure
B. Mercury poisoning
C. Ethanol exposure
D. Carbon monoxide poisoning - ANSWER - D. Carbon monoxide poisoning
While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are at a higher risk for
developing dehydration because they have a(n):
pg. 2
,A. Increased tendency towards developing edema
B. Higher total body water volume
C. Increase in thirst
D. Decreased muscle mass - ANSWER - D. Decreased muscle mass
For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will include:
A. Protein buffering
B. Kidney excretion of HCO3
C. Kidney excretion of H+
D. Prolonged exhalations to blow off CO2 - ANSWER - C. Kidney excretion of H+
After ingestion of lead, what organ systems should the nurse monitor because they are the most
sensitive to the effects of lead? (Select all that apply.)
A. Heart
B. Kidneys
C. Brain
D. Hematopoietic
E. Lungs
F. Liver - ANSWER - B. Kidneys
C. Brain
D. Hematopoietic
A common pathway of irreversible cell injury involves increased intracellular:
A. Calcium
B. Sodium
C. Magnesium
D. Potassium - ANSWER - A. Calcium
pg. 3
, Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for hyperkalemia?
A. Excess aldosterone
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Acute acidosis
D. Insulin usage - ANSWER - C. Acute acidosis
A 24-year-old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding. The physician identified endometrial
changes that are due to hormonal imbalances. These cellular changes would be referred to as:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Dysplasia
C. Pathologic dysplasia
D. Pathologic hyperplasia - ANSWER - D. Pathologic hyperplasia
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis? A patient
diagnosed with:
A. Renal failure
B. Cushing syndrome
C. Diabetes insipidus
D. Pulmonary disorders - ANSWER - A. Renal failure
A 2-year-old swallowed watch batteries. Following ingestion, kidney function was impaired, and the
heart began to fail. Which of the following was the most likely cause?
A. Karyorrhexis
B. Caseous necrosis
C. Coagulative necrosis
D. Ammonia accumulation - ANSWER - C. Coagulative necrosis
When a nurse observes muscle stiffening occurring within 6 to 14 hours after death, the nurse should
document this finding as _____ present.
A. Algor mortis
pg. 4
EXAM/ Real Exam Questions with Correct Verified Answers –
Latest Update 2024/ Rated A+
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia? A patient with:
A. Dehydration
B. Vomiting
C. Diuretic use
D. Hypoaldosteronism - ANSWER - A. Dehydration
Confirmation of somatic death is based on:
A. Complete cessation of respiration and circulation
B. Presence of livor mortis
C. Presence of algor mortis
D. Change in skin color to pale yellow - ANSWER - A. Complete cessation of respiration and circulation
A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy, confusion, and depressed reflexes. His wife
indicates that he does not follow the prescribed diet and takes his medication sporadically. Lab results
indicate hyperglycemia. Which assessment finding is most likely to occur?
A. Decreased urine formation
B. Clammy skin
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Decreased sodium - ANSWER - D. Decreased sodium
pg. 1
,A 50-year-old male sustained a closed head injury as a result of a motor vehicle accident. CT scan
revealed a collection of blood between the inner surface of the dura mater and the surface of the brain.
Which type of injury will the nurse be caring for?
A. Epidural hematoma
B. Contusion
C. Abrasion
D. Subdural hematoma - ANSWER - D. Subdural hematoma
A 50-year-old male intravenous drug user is diagnosed with hepatitis C. Examination of the liver reveals
cell death secondary to:
A. Pyknosis
B. Physiologic apoptosis
C. Fat necrosis
D. Pathologic apoptosis - ANSWER - D. Pathologic apoptosis
An 86-year-old female patient has the wasting syndrome of aging, making her vulnerable to falls,
functional decline, disease, and death. The nurse knows this patient is experiencing:
A. Sarcopenia
B. Somatic death
C. Frailty
D. Cellular aging - ANSWER - C. Frailty
A family presents to their primary care provider reporting headache, nausea, weakness, and vomiting.
Which of the following would be the most likely explanation for these symptoms?
A. Lead exposure
B. Mercury poisoning
C. Ethanol exposure
D. Carbon monoxide poisoning - ANSWER - D. Carbon monoxide poisoning
While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are at a higher risk for
developing dehydration because they have a(n):
pg. 2
,A. Increased tendency towards developing edema
B. Higher total body water volume
C. Increase in thirst
D. Decreased muscle mass - ANSWER - D. Decreased muscle mass
For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will include:
A. Protein buffering
B. Kidney excretion of HCO3
C. Kidney excretion of H+
D. Prolonged exhalations to blow off CO2 - ANSWER - C. Kidney excretion of H+
After ingestion of lead, what organ systems should the nurse monitor because they are the most
sensitive to the effects of lead? (Select all that apply.)
A. Heart
B. Kidneys
C. Brain
D. Hematopoietic
E. Lungs
F. Liver - ANSWER - B. Kidneys
C. Brain
D. Hematopoietic
A common pathway of irreversible cell injury involves increased intracellular:
A. Calcium
B. Sodium
C. Magnesium
D. Potassium - ANSWER - A. Calcium
pg. 3
, Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for hyperkalemia?
A. Excess aldosterone
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Acute acidosis
D. Insulin usage - ANSWER - C. Acute acidosis
A 24-year-old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding. The physician identified endometrial
changes that are due to hormonal imbalances. These cellular changes would be referred to as:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Dysplasia
C. Pathologic dysplasia
D. Pathologic hyperplasia - ANSWER - D. Pathologic hyperplasia
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis? A patient
diagnosed with:
A. Renal failure
B. Cushing syndrome
C. Diabetes insipidus
D. Pulmonary disorders - ANSWER - A. Renal failure
A 2-year-old swallowed watch batteries. Following ingestion, kidney function was impaired, and the
heart began to fail. Which of the following was the most likely cause?
A. Karyorrhexis
B. Caseous necrosis
C. Coagulative necrosis
D. Ammonia accumulation - ANSWER - C. Coagulative necrosis
When a nurse observes muscle stiffening occurring within 6 to 14 hours after death, the nurse should
document this finding as _____ present.
A. Algor mortis
pg. 4
