CTEL 3 Review
cultural universals - correct answer ✔✔everyone belongs to one or more cultures. Each culture provides
templates for the rituals of daily interaction. Templates are an internalized way to organize and interpret
experience.
cultural relativism - correct answer ✔✔Actions can be judged only in relation to the cultural setting in
which they occur.
high context culture (Edward T. Hall's Theory) - correct answer ✔✔--Middle East, Asia, Africa, South
Ameria
--relational, collectivist, intuitive, and contemplative.
--Many things are left unsaid, letting the culture explain. --Words and word choice become very
important in higher-context communication, since a few words can communicate a complex message
very effectively to an in-group (but less effectively outside that group)
--Low diversity and strong collective history
--Developing trust is an important first step to any business transaction.
--Professional and personal lives often intertwine.
-- High-context communication tends to be more indirect and more formal. Flowery language, humility,
and elaborate apologies are typical.
low context culture (Edward T. Hall's Theory) - correct answer ✔✔--North America and Western Europe
--logical, linear, individualistic, and action-oriented
--The communicator needs to be much more explicit and the value of a single word is less important:
--People from low-context cultures value logic, facts, and directness.
--Solving a problem means lining up the facts and evaluating one after another. Decisions are based on
fact rather than intuition. Discussions end with actions. --Communicators are expected to be
straightforward, concise, and efficient in telling what action is expected
--To be absolutely clear, they strive to use precise words and intend them to be taken literally. Explicit
contracts conclude negotiations.
--Contracts and legalities
, ethnocentrism - correct answer ✔✔Judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one's
own culture.
cultural pluralism - correct answer ✔✔Smaller groups within a larger society maintain their unique
cultural identities, and their values and practices are accepted by the wider culture provided they are
consistent with the laws and values of the wider society.
cultural congruence - correct answer ✔✔Cultural congruence indicates a teacher's respect for the
cultural background of his or her students.
external elements of culture - correct answer ✔✔shelter, clothing, food, arts and literature,
religious structures, government, technology, language
internal elements of culture - correct answer ✔✔values, customs, worldview, mores, beliefs and
expectations, rites and rituals, patterns of nonverbal communication, social roles
and status, gender roles, family structure, patterns of work and leisure
inter- and intra-group differences - correct answer ✔✔social class, age, gender, occupation, education
level, geographic isolation, race,
U.S.-born versus immigrant status, sexual orientation, and handicapping condition
political and socioeconomic factors affecting ELL and their families - correct answer
✔✔parents'/guardians' voting and citizenship status,
family income and employment, housing, health care availability, parents'/guardians'
level of educational attainment
cultural assimilation - correct answer ✔✔the process by which individuals adopt the behaviors, values,
beliefs, and lifestyle of the dominant culture (individuals have a choice over this)
cultural universals - correct answer ✔✔everyone belongs to one or more cultures. Each culture provides
templates for the rituals of daily interaction. Templates are an internalized way to organize and interpret
experience.
cultural relativism - correct answer ✔✔Actions can be judged only in relation to the cultural setting in
which they occur.
high context culture (Edward T. Hall's Theory) - correct answer ✔✔--Middle East, Asia, Africa, South
Ameria
--relational, collectivist, intuitive, and contemplative.
--Many things are left unsaid, letting the culture explain. --Words and word choice become very
important in higher-context communication, since a few words can communicate a complex message
very effectively to an in-group (but less effectively outside that group)
--Low diversity and strong collective history
--Developing trust is an important first step to any business transaction.
--Professional and personal lives often intertwine.
-- High-context communication tends to be more indirect and more formal. Flowery language, humility,
and elaborate apologies are typical.
low context culture (Edward T. Hall's Theory) - correct answer ✔✔--North America and Western Europe
--logical, linear, individualistic, and action-oriented
--The communicator needs to be much more explicit and the value of a single word is less important:
--People from low-context cultures value logic, facts, and directness.
--Solving a problem means lining up the facts and evaluating one after another. Decisions are based on
fact rather than intuition. Discussions end with actions. --Communicators are expected to be
straightforward, concise, and efficient in telling what action is expected
--To be absolutely clear, they strive to use precise words and intend them to be taken literally. Explicit
contracts conclude negotiations.
--Contracts and legalities
, ethnocentrism - correct answer ✔✔Judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one's
own culture.
cultural pluralism - correct answer ✔✔Smaller groups within a larger society maintain their unique
cultural identities, and their values and practices are accepted by the wider culture provided they are
consistent with the laws and values of the wider society.
cultural congruence - correct answer ✔✔Cultural congruence indicates a teacher's respect for the
cultural background of his or her students.
external elements of culture - correct answer ✔✔shelter, clothing, food, arts and literature,
religious structures, government, technology, language
internal elements of culture - correct answer ✔✔values, customs, worldview, mores, beliefs and
expectations, rites and rituals, patterns of nonverbal communication, social roles
and status, gender roles, family structure, patterns of work and leisure
inter- and intra-group differences - correct answer ✔✔social class, age, gender, occupation, education
level, geographic isolation, race,
U.S.-born versus immigrant status, sexual orientation, and handicapping condition
political and socioeconomic factors affecting ELL and their families - correct answer
✔✔parents'/guardians' voting and citizenship status,
family income and employment, housing, health care availability, parents'/guardians'
level of educational attainment
cultural assimilation - correct answer ✔✔the process by which individuals adopt the behaviors, values,
beliefs, and lifestyle of the dominant culture (individuals have a choice over this)
