Becker's World of the Cell - Chapter 12
- The Endomembrane System
Anterograde Transport - ANSWER-The movement of material from the ER through the Golgi toward
the plasma membrane
Autophagy - ANSWER-The digestion of old or unwanted organelles or other cell structures
Botulinum Toxin - ANSWER-An acetylcholine antagonist and a protease that cleaves a SNARE protein
required for the fusion of vesicles with muscle cells, which initiates an electrical impulse and muscle
contraction
Calnexin - ANSWER-ER chaperone protein that binds to partially folded proteins and retains them in
the ER until folding is complete
Calreticulin - ANSWER-Soluble ER chaperone protein that binds to the carbohydrate domains of
unfolded proteins, preventing the proteins from leaving the ER
Cis Golgi Network - ANSWER-Site where vesicles containing newly synthesized lipids and proteins
arrive and fuse
Cisternae - ANSWER-Membranous tubes and sacs in the ER
Clathrin Coated Vesicles - ANSWER-Involved in the selective transport of proteins from the ER to the
Golgi
Clathrin Independent Endocytosis - ANSWER-Fluid-phase endocytosis
Process for nonspecific internalization of extracellular fluid
Does not concentrate the ingested material
Proceeds at a relatively constant rate in most eukaryotic cells
Constitutive Secretion - ANSWER-The process by which secretory vesicles move directly to the cell
surface where they fuse with the membrane and release their contents by exocytosis
COPI Coated Vesicles - ANSWER-Facilitate retrograde transport of proteins from the Golgi back to the
ER as well as bidirectional transport of proteins between cisternae and the Golgi
COPII Coated Vesicles - ANSWER-Facilitate anterograde transport of proteins from the ER to the Golgi
Core Oligosaccharide - ANSWER-Initial oligosaccharide segment joined to an asparagine residue
during N-glycosylation of a polypeptide chain; consists of 2 N-acetylglucosamine units, 9 mannose
units, and 3 glucose units
Cytochrome P-450 Proteins - ANSWER-A family of enzymes that catalyze hydroxylation known as
monooxygenases
Cytosolic Phospholipid Exchange Proteins - ANSWER-Proteins that convey phospholipids from the ER
membrane to the outer mitochondrial membrane
- The Endomembrane System
Anterograde Transport - ANSWER-The movement of material from the ER through the Golgi toward
the plasma membrane
Autophagy - ANSWER-The digestion of old or unwanted organelles or other cell structures
Botulinum Toxin - ANSWER-An acetylcholine antagonist and a protease that cleaves a SNARE protein
required for the fusion of vesicles with muscle cells, which initiates an electrical impulse and muscle
contraction
Calnexin - ANSWER-ER chaperone protein that binds to partially folded proteins and retains them in
the ER until folding is complete
Calreticulin - ANSWER-Soluble ER chaperone protein that binds to the carbohydrate domains of
unfolded proteins, preventing the proteins from leaving the ER
Cis Golgi Network - ANSWER-Site where vesicles containing newly synthesized lipids and proteins
arrive and fuse
Cisternae - ANSWER-Membranous tubes and sacs in the ER
Clathrin Coated Vesicles - ANSWER-Involved in the selective transport of proteins from the ER to the
Golgi
Clathrin Independent Endocytosis - ANSWER-Fluid-phase endocytosis
Process for nonspecific internalization of extracellular fluid
Does not concentrate the ingested material
Proceeds at a relatively constant rate in most eukaryotic cells
Constitutive Secretion - ANSWER-The process by which secretory vesicles move directly to the cell
surface where they fuse with the membrane and release their contents by exocytosis
COPI Coated Vesicles - ANSWER-Facilitate retrograde transport of proteins from the Golgi back to the
ER as well as bidirectional transport of proteins between cisternae and the Golgi
COPII Coated Vesicles - ANSWER-Facilitate anterograde transport of proteins from the ER to the Golgi
Core Oligosaccharide - ANSWER-Initial oligosaccharide segment joined to an asparagine residue
during N-glycosylation of a polypeptide chain; consists of 2 N-acetylglucosamine units, 9 mannose
units, and 3 glucose units
Cytochrome P-450 Proteins - ANSWER-A family of enzymes that catalyze hydroxylation known as
monooxygenases
Cytosolic Phospholipid Exchange Proteins - ANSWER-Proteins that convey phospholipids from the ER
membrane to the outer mitochondrial membrane
