BIOL 260 EXAM 1 Detailed Questions And
Expert Answers
the ;kidney ;helps ;to ;keep ;the ;acidity ;of ;body ;fluids ;contact ;by ;varying ;the ;amount ;of ;hydrogen ;ions ;
(H+) ;it ;secretes ;into ;the ;urine. ;you ;can ;confidently ;predict ;that ;this ;aspect ;of ;kidney ;function ;will ;b
e ;controlled ;by ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-a ;negative ;feedback ;mechanism
feedforward ;regulation ;differs ;from ;feed-
back ;regulation ;in ;the ;following ;way(s) ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-
the ;former ;allows ;the ;CNS ;to ;anticipate ;the ;need ;for ;changes ;in ;physiological ;setpoints, ;whereas ;th
e ;latter ;does ;not.
positive ;feedback ;differes ;from ;negative ;feedback ;because ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-
positive ;feedback ;tends ;to ;enhance ;the ;triggering ;stimulus ;while ;negative ;feedback ;tends ;to ;return ;
the ;body ;to ;a ;homeostatic ;balance ;or ;"ideal" ;level
when ;a ;baby ;suckles ;at ;its ;mother's ;breast ;the ;stimulus ;at ;the ;breast ;is ;sent ;to ;the ;mother's ;brain ;
(a ;region ;called ;the ;hypothalamus). ;the ;brain ;responds ;by ;releasing ;hormones ;to ;stimulate ;the ;prod
uction ;and ;the ;ejection ;of ;milk ;from ;the ;breast. ;this ;helps ;the ;newborn ;to ;receive ;nourishment ;and
;encourages ;more ;suckling. ;this ;example ;is ;best ;described ;as ;a ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-
positive ;feedback
some ;of ;the ;nerve ;endings ;in ;the ;skin ;are ;sensitive ;to ;changes ;in ;temperature. ;they ;are ;part ;of ;a ;n
egative ;feedback ;mechanism ;regulating ;body ;temperature. ;these ;nerve ;endings ;represent ;a(n) ;____
______ ;in ;the ;negative ;feedback ;mechanism ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-receptor ;or ;sensor
what ;structural ;level ;is ;represented ;by ;the ;sequence ;of ;amino ;acids ;in ;a ;polypeptide ;chain? ;- ;correc
t ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-primary ;structure
the ;hydrogen ;atoms ;of ;a ;water ;molecule ;are ;bonded ;to ;the ;oxygen ;atom ;by ;__________ ;bonds, ;w
hereas ;neighboring ;water ;molecules ;are ;held ;together ;by ;_________ ;bonds. ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;
-polar ;covalent; ;hydrogen
, how ;many ;grams ;of ;NaCl ;are ;needed ;to ;make ;one ;liter ;of ;a ;0.27 ;Osmolar ;solution? ;MW ;of ;NCl ;= ;5
8.5g ;/ ;mole. ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-7.9 ;grams
the ;chemical ;symbol ;O=O ;means ;_________ ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-the ;atoms ;are ;double ;bonded
choose ;the ;answer ;that ;best ;describes ;HCO3- ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-a ;bicarbonate ;ion
An ;acid ;with ;a ;pH ;of ;6 ;has ;________ ;hydrogen ;ions ;than ;pure ;water. ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-10-
fold ;more
which ;of ;the ;following ;does ;NOT ;describe ;uses ;for ;the ;ATP ;molecule? ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-
opening ;of ;gated ;ion ;channels
which ;of ;the ;following ;statement ;is ;correct ;regarding ;net ;diffusion? ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-
the ;greater ;the ;concentration ;gradient, ;the ;faster ;the ;rate
which ;of ;the ;following ;would ;NOT ;be ;a ;constituent ;of ;a ;plasma ;membrane? ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;
-messenger ;RNA
a ;dialysis ;sac ;that ;is ;permeable ;to ;glucose ;and ;water ;is ;filled ;with ;water ;and ;placed ;in ;a ;beaker ;co
ntaining ;20% ;glucose ;solution. ;will ;there ;be ;a ;net ;transport ;of ;glucose ;across ;the ;dialysis ;sac? ;if ;so,
;in ;which ;direction ;will ;the ;glucose ;move, ;into ;the ;sac ;or ;out ;of ;the ;sac? ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-
yes, ;glucose ;will ;move ;into ;sac
Molecule ;A ;has ;a ;molecular ;weight ;of ;175 ;and ;Molecule ;B ;has ;a ;molecular ;weight ;of ;450. ;A ;0.1 ;M ;
solution ;of ;each ;is ;placed ;on ;agar ;gel. ;Which ;molecule ;will ;diffuse ;more ;rapidly ;through ;the ;agar? ;-
;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-molecule ;A
The ;body's ;water ;volume ;is ;closely ;tied ;to ;the ;level ;of ;which ;of ;the ;following ;ions? ;- ;correct ;Answe
rs ;✔✔ ;-sodium ;ions
If ;cells ;are ;placed ;in ;a ;hypertonic ;solution ;containing ;a ;solute ;to ;which ;the ;membrane ;is ;impermea
ble, ;what ;could ;happen? ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-the ;cells ;will ;swell ;and ;ultimately ;burst
which ;of ;the ;following ;describes ;the ;distribution ;of ;sodium ;and ;potassium ;between ;cells ;and ;body ;
fluids? ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-K+ ;mainly ;in ;the ;cells, ;Na+ ;in ;the ;body ;fluids
Passive ;membrane ;transport ;processes ;include ;________. ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-
movement ;of ;a ;substance ;down ;its ;concentration ;gradient
in ;the ;case ;of ;edema, ;excess ;fluid ;is ;held ;in ;which ;fluid ;compartment(s)? ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-
interstitial ;fluid
in ;healthy ;people, ;it ;is ;good ;practice ;to ;use ;isotonic ;solutions ;for ;injections ;into ;veins ;if ;the ;circulat
ory ;system ;because ;_________ ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-
isotonic ;solutions ;maintain ;the ;normal ;volume ;and ;function ;of ;red ;blood ;cells
Expert Answers
the ;kidney ;helps ;to ;keep ;the ;acidity ;of ;body ;fluids ;contact ;by ;varying ;the ;amount ;of ;hydrogen ;ions ;
(H+) ;it ;secretes ;into ;the ;urine. ;you ;can ;confidently ;predict ;that ;this ;aspect ;of ;kidney ;function ;will ;b
e ;controlled ;by ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-a ;negative ;feedback ;mechanism
feedforward ;regulation ;differs ;from ;feed-
back ;regulation ;in ;the ;following ;way(s) ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-
the ;former ;allows ;the ;CNS ;to ;anticipate ;the ;need ;for ;changes ;in ;physiological ;setpoints, ;whereas ;th
e ;latter ;does ;not.
positive ;feedback ;differes ;from ;negative ;feedback ;because ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-
positive ;feedback ;tends ;to ;enhance ;the ;triggering ;stimulus ;while ;negative ;feedback ;tends ;to ;return ;
the ;body ;to ;a ;homeostatic ;balance ;or ;"ideal" ;level
when ;a ;baby ;suckles ;at ;its ;mother's ;breast ;the ;stimulus ;at ;the ;breast ;is ;sent ;to ;the ;mother's ;brain ;
(a ;region ;called ;the ;hypothalamus). ;the ;brain ;responds ;by ;releasing ;hormones ;to ;stimulate ;the ;prod
uction ;and ;the ;ejection ;of ;milk ;from ;the ;breast. ;this ;helps ;the ;newborn ;to ;receive ;nourishment ;and
;encourages ;more ;suckling. ;this ;example ;is ;best ;described ;as ;a ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-
positive ;feedback
some ;of ;the ;nerve ;endings ;in ;the ;skin ;are ;sensitive ;to ;changes ;in ;temperature. ;they ;are ;part ;of ;a ;n
egative ;feedback ;mechanism ;regulating ;body ;temperature. ;these ;nerve ;endings ;represent ;a(n) ;____
______ ;in ;the ;negative ;feedback ;mechanism ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-receptor ;or ;sensor
what ;structural ;level ;is ;represented ;by ;the ;sequence ;of ;amino ;acids ;in ;a ;polypeptide ;chain? ;- ;correc
t ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-primary ;structure
the ;hydrogen ;atoms ;of ;a ;water ;molecule ;are ;bonded ;to ;the ;oxygen ;atom ;by ;__________ ;bonds, ;w
hereas ;neighboring ;water ;molecules ;are ;held ;together ;by ;_________ ;bonds. ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;
-polar ;covalent; ;hydrogen
, how ;many ;grams ;of ;NaCl ;are ;needed ;to ;make ;one ;liter ;of ;a ;0.27 ;Osmolar ;solution? ;MW ;of ;NCl ;= ;5
8.5g ;/ ;mole. ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-7.9 ;grams
the ;chemical ;symbol ;O=O ;means ;_________ ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-the ;atoms ;are ;double ;bonded
choose ;the ;answer ;that ;best ;describes ;HCO3- ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-a ;bicarbonate ;ion
An ;acid ;with ;a ;pH ;of ;6 ;has ;________ ;hydrogen ;ions ;than ;pure ;water. ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-10-
fold ;more
which ;of ;the ;following ;does ;NOT ;describe ;uses ;for ;the ;ATP ;molecule? ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-
opening ;of ;gated ;ion ;channels
which ;of ;the ;following ;statement ;is ;correct ;regarding ;net ;diffusion? ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-
the ;greater ;the ;concentration ;gradient, ;the ;faster ;the ;rate
which ;of ;the ;following ;would ;NOT ;be ;a ;constituent ;of ;a ;plasma ;membrane? ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;
-messenger ;RNA
a ;dialysis ;sac ;that ;is ;permeable ;to ;glucose ;and ;water ;is ;filled ;with ;water ;and ;placed ;in ;a ;beaker ;co
ntaining ;20% ;glucose ;solution. ;will ;there ;be ;a ;net ;transport ;of ;glucose ;across ;the ;dialysis ;sac? ;if ;so,
;in ;which ;direction ;will ;the ;glucose ;move, ;into ;the ;sac ;or ;out ;of ;the ;sac? ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-
yes, ;glucose ;will ;move ;into ;sac
Molecule ;A ;has ;a ;molecular ;weight ;of ;175 ;and ;Molecule ;B ;has ;a ;molecular ;weight ;of ;450. ;A ;0.1 ;M ;
solution ;of ;each ;is ;placed ;on ;agar ;gel. ;Which ;molecule ;will ;diffuse ;more ;rapidly ;through ;the ;agar? ;-
;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-molecule ;A
The ;body's ;water ;volume ;is ;closely ;tied ;to ;the ;level ;of ;which ;of ;the ;following ;ions? ;- ;correct ;Answe
rs ;✔✔ ;-sodium ;ions
If ;cells ;are ;placed ;in ;a ;hypertonic ;solution ;containing ;a ;solute ;to ;which ;the ;membrane ;is ;impermea
ble, ;what ;could ;happen? ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-the ;cells ;will ;swell ;and ;ultimately ;burst
which ;of ;the ;following ;describes ;the ;distribution ;of ;sodium ;and ;potassium ;between ;cells ;and ;body ;
fluids? ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-K+ ;mainly ;in ;the ;cells, ;Na+ ;in ;the ;body ;fluids
Passive ;membrane ;transport ;processes ;include ;________. ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-
movement ;of ;a ;substance ;down ;its ;concentration ;gradient
in ;the ;case ;of ;edema, ;excess ;fluid ;is ;held ;in ;which ;fluid ;compartment(s)? ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-
interstitial ;fluid
in ;healthy ;people, ;it ;is ;good ;practice ;to ;use ;isotonic ;solutions ;for ;injections ;into ;veins ;if ;the ;circulat
ory ;system ;because ;_________ ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-
isotonic ;solutions ;maintain ;the ;normal ;volume ;and ;function ;of ;red ;blood ;cells
