PALS 2021 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS|100% CORRECT|GRADE A+
What is the most appropriate precautionary action to minimize gastric inflation during bag-mask
ventilation? - ANSWER deliver each breath over about 1 sec
What happens to the arterial oxygen level in a child with severe anemia? - ANSWER may increase when
dissolved oxygen is increased
The evaluate-identify-intervene sequence should be continued until - ANSWER the child is stable
How can the CPR coach improve CPR quality in a resuscitation event? - ANSWER Coach to midrange
targets
Which is true of increased carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood? - ANSWER may be caused by
disordered control of breathing
which of the following statements about respiratory failure is true? - ANSWER may occur without signs
of respiratory distress
which is most likely to present in a child who has respiratory distress (not respiratory failure)? - ANSWER
ability to maintain patent airway
which of the following is required to appropriately ventilate a child with a flow-inflating bag? - ANSWER
tidal volume needs to be delivered at the correct rate
what should be checked to ensure proper function of a bag-mask system? - ANSWER the pop-off valve
can be closed
oxygen tubing is connected to the device and the oxygen source
what element of team dynamics describes when a team member needs to correct actions? - ANSWER
constructive intervention
, when may pulse oximetry be inaccurate? - ANSWER the displayed heart rate does not correlate with the
child's heart rate
a chest compression fraction of at least 60% is recommended, and a goal of 80% is often achievable with
good teamwork - ANSWER 60%, 80%
what is the first step for an intubated child whose condition deteriorates? - ANSWER support
oxygenation and ventilation
what are the common cause of upper airway obstruction? - ANSWER airway swelling
thick secretions
tonsillar hypertrophy (airway swelling)
which anatomical features may contribute to upper airway obstruction in infants? - ANSWER large
tongue
large occiput
what are the signs of upper airway obstruction? - ANSWER stridor
use of accessory muscles
which diagnosis may present with upper airway obstruction? - ANSWER foreign body obstruction
epiglottitis
croup
in a less severe case of upper airway obstruction in a child, what intervention can relieve obstruction
caused by the tongue? - ANSWER insert an oral airway
a child presents with a barking cough, good air entry during auscultation, a pulse oximetry reading of
93% on room air, and retractions at rest.
what is the severity of the child's presentation? - ANSWER moderate croup
ANSWERS|100% CORRECT|GRADE A+
What is the most appropriate precautionary action to minimize gastric inflation during bag-mask
ventilation? - ANSWER deliver each breath over about 1 sec
What happens to the arterial oxygen level in a child with severe anemia? - ANSWER may increase when
dissolved oxygen is increased
The evaluate-identify-intervene sequence should be continued until - ANSWER the child is stable
How can the CPR coach improve CPR quality in a resuscitation event? - ANSWER Coach to midrange
targets
Which is true of increased carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood? - ANSWER may be caused by
disordered control of breathing
which of the following statements about respiratory failure is true? - ANSWER may occur without signs
of respiratory distress
which is most likely to present in a child who has respiratory distress (not respiratory failure)? - ANSWER
ability to maintain patent airway
which of the following is required to appropriately ventilate a child with a flow-inflating bag? - ANSWER
tidal volume needs to be delivered at the correct rate
what should be checked to ensure proper function of a bag-mask system? - ANSWER the pop-off valve
can be closed
oxygen tubing is connected to the device and the oxygen source
what element of team dynamics describes when a team member needs to correct actions? - ANSWER
constructive intervention
, when may pulse oximetry be inaccurate? - ANSWER the displayed heart rate does not correlate with the
child's heart rate
a chest compression fraction of at least 60% is recommended, and a goal of 80% is often achievable with
good teamwork - ANSWER 60%, 80%
what is the first step for an intubated child whose condition deteriorates? - ANSWER support
oxygenation and ventilation
what are the common cause of upper airway obstruction? - ANSWER airway swelling
thick secretions
tonsillar hypertrophy (airway swelling)
which anatomical features may contribute to upper airway obstruction in infants? - ANSWER large
tongue
large occiput
what are the signs of upper airway obstruction? - ANSWER stridor
use of accessory muscles
which diagnosis may present with upper airway obstruction? - ANSWER foreign body obstruction
epiglottitis
croup
in a less severe case of upper airway obstruction in a child, what intervention can relieve obstruction
caused by the tongue? - ANSWER insert an oral airway
a child presents with a barking cough, good air entry during auscultation, a pulse oximetry reading of
93% on room air, and retractions at rest.
what is the severity of the child's presentation? - ANSWER moderate croup
