BIOL 260 Exam 1 Questions And Expert Answer.

BIOL 260 Exam 1 Detailed Questions
And Expert Answers




PART ;1 ;- ;Fill ;in ;the ;blank ;and ;short ;answer ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-

Microbial ;roles ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-1) ;Producers

2) ;1st ;order ;consumers

3) ;2nd ;order ;consumers

4) ;decomposers

Producers ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-via ;photosynthesis, ;form ;the ;basis ;of ;food ;chains ;and ;pyramids ;
(algae, ;some ;bacteria ;and ;archaea)

1st ;order ;consumers ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-(herbivores) ;that ;eat ;the ;producers

2nd ;order ;consumers ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-eat ;the ;1st ;order ;consumers

Decomposers ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-- ;include ;Archaea, ;bacteria, ;fungi ;and ;protozoa

- ;recycle ;nutrients ;via ;biogeochemical ;cycles

Nitrogen ;cycle

Carbon ;cycle

Sulfur ;cycle

Iron ;cycle

Phosphorous ;cycle

The ;significance ;of ;microbes ;for ;mankind ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;--Microbes ;produce

,-Microbes ;recycle

-Microbes ;damage

-Microbes ;help ;us ;understand ;higher ;forms ;of ;life ;(Eukarya)

Microbes ;produce ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;--O2 ;via ;photosynthesis

-soil ;via ;composting

-food ;for ;humans ;(indirectly, ;directly, ;via ;enzyme ;and ;fermentation)

-drugs ;and ;chemicals ;(antibiotics, ;steroids, ;alcohols, ;acids, ;proteins)

Microbes ;recycle ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;--
water ;by ;being ;used ;for ;water ;purification, ;sewage ;treatment ;and ;toxic ;waste ;removal

-nutrients ;via ;the ;biogeochemcial ;cycles

Microbes ;damage ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;--plants ;used ;as ;food ;crops

-animals ;raised ;for ;food

-humans ;via ;diseases

Microbes ;helps ;us ;understand ;higher ;forms ;of ;life ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;--they ;are ;easy ;to ;grow

-share ;the ;same ;metabolic ;processes ;as ;higher ;forms ;of ;life

-suitable ;for ;genetic ;engineering

Three ;Domains ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-Archaea

Eukarya

Bacteria ;

(Ar ;Eu ;Bac?)

Prokaryotic ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-Bacteria

Archaea

Eukaryotic ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-Eukarya

Prokaryotic ;Cell ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-WITHOUT ;membrane ;bound ;organelles

Eukaryotic ;Cell ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-WITH ;membrane ;bound ;organelles

, Evidence ;Archaea ;evolved ;in ;an ;extreme ;environment ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;--
Archaea ;was ;found ;in ;an ;Obsidian ;Pool

-RNA ;is ;very ;close ;to ;what ;the ;primordial ;ancestor ;of ;all ;archaea ;and ;eubacteria ;most ;likely ;had

-S ;layer

Glycocalyx ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-a ;coating ;found ;external ;to ;the ;cell ;wall

-consists ;of ;protein ;and/or ;polysaccharides

-nutrient ;source ;(stores ;organic ;material)

-sticky ;(helps ;cells ;adhere ;to ;the ;surface)

-is ;protective ;(anti-phagocytic, ;prevents ;drying, ;prevents ;contact ;with ;O2)

-a ;virulence ;factor ;(disease ;causing)

Glycocalyx ;CAPSULE ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-1) ;rigid, ;tight ;matrix ;that ;excludes ;particles

2)not ;easily ;removed

3) ;makes ;colonies ;appear ;shiny ;or ;slumy

Glycocalyx ;SLIME ;LAYER ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-1) ;loose, ;not ;bound ;to ;cell ;wall

2) ;thinner ;and ;easily ;deformed

Biofilm ;- ;correct ;Answers ;✔✔ ;-Prokaryotic

generated ;by ;cells ;in ;the ;glycocalyx

-a ;structured ;community ;of ;cells, ;slime, ;and ;DNA ;that ;forms ;on ;wet ;surfaces

1) ;single ;or ;mixed ;species ;of ;microbes

2) ;fixed ;or ;swarming ;structure



-formed ;when ;a ;threshold ;of ;number ;of ;bacteria ;is ;reached

(Quorum ;sensing ;via ;auto-inducers)

(determined ;by ;concentrations ;of ;inducer ;molecules)



-generates ;water ;canals ;to ;circulate ;nutrients ;and ;eliminate ;wastes