NR 566 FINAL EXAM ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
FOR CARE OF THE FAMILY LATEST VERSION
1: What is the primary focus of NR 566?- correct answer -
The primary focus of NR 566 is advanced pharmacology, including the study
of drug mechanisms, therapeutic uses, and the impact of drugs
on the human body.
2: What does the term pharmacokinetics refer to?- correct answer -
Pharmacokinetics refers to the movement of drugs within the body,
including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
3: Define pharmacodynamics. - correct answer -
Pharmacodynamics is the study of the biochemical and physiological effects
of drugs on the body and the mechanisms of their action.
4: What is the significance of the therapeutic index?- correct answer -
The therapeutic index is the ratio between the toxic dose and the
therapeutic dose of a drug, indicating its safety margin.
,5: How does the liver affect drug metabolism?- correct answer -
The liver is the primary site for drug metabolism, where enzymes convert
drugs into more water-soluble compounds for easier
excretion.
6: What role do cytochrome P450 enzymes play in drug metabolism?-
correct answer - Cytochrome P450 enzymes are involved in the
oxidation of drugs, facilitating their breakdown and
elimination from the body.
7: Explain the concept of first-pass effect. - correct answer -
The first-pass effect refers to the initial metabolism of a drug in the liver,
reducing its concentration before it reaches systemic
circulation.
8: What is bioavailability?- correct answer -
Bioavailability is the proportion of a drug that enters the bloodstream when
introduced into the body and is available for therapeutic
action.
, 9: Describe the difference between agonists and antagonists. - correct
answer -
Agonists are drugs that activate receptors to produce a response, while
antagonists block receptors to inhibit a response.
10: What is a prodrug?- correct answer -
A prodrug is an inactive substance that is metabolized in the body to
produce an active drug.
11: Define half-life in pharmacology. - correct answer -
Half-life is the time it takes for the plasma concentration of a drug to reduce
by half.
12: What factors can influence drug absorption?- correct answer -
Factors influencing drug absorption include the drugs formulation, route of
administration, blood flow to the absorption site, and
gastrointestinal motility.
13: How do protein-binding properties affect drug distribution?- correct
answer - Drugs that bind extensively to plasma proteins have
FOR CARE OF THE FAMILY LATEST VERSION
1: What is the primary focus of NR 566?- correct answer -
The primary focus of NR 566 is advanced pharmacology, including the study
of drug mechanisms, therapeutic uses, and the impact of drugs
on the human body.
2: What does the term pharmacokinetics refer to?- correct answer -
Pharmacokinetics refers to the movement of drugs within the body,
including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
3: Define pharmacodynamics. - correct answer -
Pharmacodynamics is the study of the biochemical and physiological effects
of drugs on the body and the mechanisms of their action.
4: What is the significance of the therapeutic index?- correct answer -
The therapeutic index is the ratio between the toxic dose and the
therapeutic dose of a drug, indicating its safety margin.
,5: How does the liver affect drug metabolism?- correct answer -
The liver is the primary site for drug metabolism, where enzymes convert
drugs into more water-soluble compounds for easier
excretion.
6: What role do cytochrome P450 enzymes play in drug metabolism?-
correct answer - Cytochrome P450 enzymes are involved in the
oxidation of drugs, facilitating their breakdown and
elimination from the body.
7: Explain the concept of first-pass effect. - correct answer -
The first-pass effect refers to the initial metabolism of a drug in the liver,
reducing its concentration before it reaches systemic
circulation.
8: What is bioavailability?- correct answer -
Bioavailability is the proportion of a drug that enters the bloodstream when
introduced into the body and is available for therapeutic
action.
, 9: Describe the difference between agonists and antagonists. - correct
answer -
Agonists are drugs that activate receptors to produce a response, while
antagonists block receptors to inhibit a response.
10: What is a prodrug?- correct answer -
A prodrug is an inactive substance that is metabolized in the body to
produce an active drug.
11: Define half-life in pharmacology. - correct answer -
Half-life is the time it takes for the plasma concentration of a drug to reduce
by half.
12: What factors can influence drug absorption?- correct answer -
Factors influencing drug absorption include the drugs formulation, route of
administration, blood flow to the absorption site, and
gastrointestinal motility.
13: How do protein-binding properties affect drug distribution?- correct
answer - Drugs that bind extensively to plasma proteins have
