EEG BOARD EXAM|96 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS|100% VERIFIED
SSS/BETS (small sharp waves / benign epileptiform transients of sleep) - -
Low voltage, short duration, diphasic spikes with a steep descending limb.
Usually seen in drowsiness and light sleep.
-SREDA (subclinical rhythmic electrographic discharges of adults) - -Sharply
contoured theta activity in the posterior head region. A normal variant in
older adults during wakefullness.
-14 and 6 positive spikes - -1-2 seconds of sharply contoured discharges in
the posterior head regions in light sleep. Presents in adolescents.
-6 hz spike and wave - -Midparietal low amplitude discharges. Occurs in
young adults in drowsiness and disappears in sleep.
-My rhythm - -Oscillating 10 hz waves seen in leads overylying the
senserimotor cortex in the absence of movement. If a patient moves or
thinks about moving their contralateral limb, this rhythm will be suppressed.
-Wickets - -Symmetric monophasic sharp wave occuring predominantly in
older adults during light sleep in temporal leads without disruption of the
background.
-3 hz slow wave activity - -3 hz waves without an associated spike which
can be seen during hyperventilation in childhood
-RTTBD (rhythmic temporal theta bursts of drowsiness) - -5-6 hz rhythmic
waves in the temporal lobe. Seen in young adults during drowsiness.
-Breach rhythm - -Unilateral high voltage iregular wave rhythms due to
alteration of conductance commonly seen in patients with a skull defect.
-Anterior eye blinks (bells phenomenon) - -Positive downward deflection,
maximal in the frontopolar leads, followed by a negative deflection from eye
opening. Disappears in sleep.
-EKG - -Rhythmic electropositive discharges in one or multiple leads, most
often in the occipital leads. Time locked and synchronous with the EKG
tracing.
-Pulse - -Rhythmic slow waves in a single lead due to a close pulsating
vessel. Time locked but delayed after each QRS sample.
, -Lateral eye movements - -Very slow out of phase derivations involving
anterior electrodes due to movement of the positively charged cornea. Best
appreciated in drowsiness and early sleep when patient experience rolling
eye movements.
-Muscle - -Extremely high frequency waves often generated from the
frontalis and temporalis muscles. Usually spares central leads. Disappears in
sleep.
-Glossokinetic - -Diffuse, low frequency discharges produced by movements
of the negative tip of the tongue. Can be induced by saying "la la la la",
chewing, or sucking.
-Electrode pop - -Single or multiple sharp waves localized to a single
electrode without a surrounding field. Disappears by reapplying an electrode.
-GRDA (generalized rhythmic delta activity) - -Generalized in all leads,
typically signifies global cerebral dysfunction, such as in a severe
encephalopathy, but is not to be a risk factor for seizure or seizure tendency.
-Frontally dominant GRDA - -Can be seen with a variety of pathologies
including posterior fossa lesions, intracranial lesions, and increased
intraventricular pressure.
-LRDA (lateralized rhythmic delta) - -Can be seen with focal lesions such a
hemorrhage, tumor, or stroke. Is associated with increased seizure
risk/seizure tendency.
-LPDs (Lateralized periodic discharges) - -Often seen with focal acute or
subacute cerebral dysfunction, such as with herpes simplex enchephalitis,
stroke, abscess, or subdural hematoma.
-GPDs (Generalized periodic discharges) - -Felt to have highest seizure
tendency of the 'ictal-interictal' patterns. If seen clinically with rapidly
progressive dementia it can be strongly suggestive of Creutzfeldt-Jakob
Disease.
-End stage liver disease - -This disease can present with hyperammonemia
and generalized periodic waves with triphasic morphology. They are
bilaterally synchronous and usually frontally predominant and exhibit three
phases (i.e. negative, positive, negative). Triphasic waves can also be seen
in ESRD and other forms of metabolic encephalopathy.
-Subdural Hematoma - -Hemispheric asymmetry with the lower amplitude
discharges localizing to the affected hemisphere.
ANSWERS|100% VERIFIED
SSS/BETS (small sharp waves / benign epileptiform transients of sleep) - -
Low voltage, short duration, diphasic spikes with a steep descending limb.
Usually seen in drowsiness and light sleep.
-SREDA (subclinical rhythmic electrographic discharges of adults) - -Sharply
contoured theta activity in the posterior head region. A normal variant in
older adults during wakefullness.
-14 and 6 positive spikes - -1-2 seconds of sharply contoured discharges in
the posterior head regions in light sleep. Presents in adolescents.
-6 hz spike and wave - -Midparietal low amplitude discharges. Occurs in
young adults in drowsiness and disappears in sleep.
-My rhythm - -Oscillating 10 hz waves seen in leads overylying the
senserimotor cortex in the absence of movement. If a patient moves or
thinks about moving their contralateral limb, this rhythm will be suppressed.
-Wickets - -Symmetric monophasic sharp wave occuring predominantly in
older adults during light sleep in temporal leads without disruption of the
background.
-3 hz slow wave activity - -3 hz waves without an associated spike which
can be seen during hyperventilation in childhood
-RTTBD (rhythmic temporal theta bursts of drowsiness) - -5-6 hz rhythmic
waves in the temporal lobe. Seen in young adults during drowsiness.
-Breach rhythm - -Unilateral high voltage iregular wave rhythms due to
alteration of conductance commonly seen in patients with a skull defect.
-Anterior eye blinks (bells phenomenon) - -Positive downward deflection,
maximal in the frontopolar leads, followed by a negative deflection from eye
opening. Disappears in sleep.
-EKG - -Rhythmic electropositive discharges in one or multiple leads, most
often in the occipital leads. Time locked and synchronous with the EKG
tracing.
-Pulse - -Rhythmic slow waves in a single lead due to a close pulsating
vessel. Time locked but delayed after each QRS sample.
, -Lateral eye movements - -Very slow out of phase derivations involving
anterior electrodes due to movement of the positively charged cornea. Best
appreciated in drowsiness and early sleep when patient experience rolling
eye movements.
-Muscle - -Extremely high frequency waves often generated from the
frontalis and temporalis muscles. Usually spares central leads. Disappears in
sleep.
-Glossokinetic - -Diffuse, low frequency discharges produced by movements
of the negative tip of the tongue. Can be induced by saying "la la la la",
chewing, or sucking.
-Electrode pop - -Single or multiple sharp waves localized to a single
electrode without a surrounding field. Disappears by reapplying an electrode.
-GRDA (generalized rhythmic delta activity) - -Generalized in all leads,
typically signifies global cerebral dysfunction, such as in a severe
encephalopathy, but is not to be a risk factor for seizure or seizure tendency.
-Frontally dominant GRDA - -Can be seen with a variety of pathologies
including posterior fossa lesions, intracranial lesions, and increased
intraventricular pressure.
-LRDA (lateralized rhythmic delta) - -Can be seen with focal lesions such a
hemorrhage, tumor, or stroke. Is associated with increased seizure
risk/seizure tendency.
-LPDs (Lateralized periodic discharges) - -Often seen with focal acute or
subacute cerebral dysfunction, such as with herpes simplex enchephalitis,
stroke, abscess, or subdural hematoma.
-GPDs (Generalized periodic discharges) - -Felt to have highest seizure
tendency of the 'ictal-interictal' patterns. If seen clinically with rapidly
progressive dementia it can be strongly suggestive of Creutzfeldt-Jakob
Disease.
-End stage liver disease - -This disease can present with hyperammonemia
and generalized periodic waves with triphasic morphology. They are
bilaterally synchronous and usually frontally predominant and exhibit three
phases (i.e. negative, positive, negative). Triphasic waves can also be seen
in ESRD and other forms of metabolic encephalopathy.
-Subdural Hematoma - -Hemispheric asymmetry with the lower amplitude
discharges localizing to the affected hemisphere.
