NSC 101 Exam 1 Questions with
Complete Answers
What organs are responsible for excreting wastes generated by the cells of the body? -
Answer-kidneys, liver, lungs, and bladder
Body tissues store excess energy in two forms. Which of the following is one of these
forms of excess energy storage? - Answer-glycogen
To signal hunger, the physiological need for food, the digestive tract sends messages to
the ________ by way of hormones and nerves. - Answer-hypothalamus
Within about 24 to 48 hours of eating, a healthy body digests and absorbs about _____
percent of the energy nutrients in a meal. - Answer-90%
What is the primary function of the pyloric valve? - Answer-to control the flow of chyme
into the small intestine
What is a benefit of food irradiation? - Answer-Irradiation eliminates organisms that
cause foodborne illnesses, such as Salmonella and E. coli.
What is the major agency charged with ensuring that the U.S. food supply is safe,
wholesome, sanitary, and properly labeled? - Answer-Food and Drug Administration
(FDA)
How does modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) enhance the safety and shelf-life of
foods? - Answer-by reducing the available oxygen that helps microbes to grow
The USDA inspects the production, manufacturing, and labeling of what type of food? -
Answer-organic
Genetic modification has the potential to eliminate natural toxins in foods. What are two
examples of foods that can be genetically modified to reduce their naturally occurring
toxins? - Answer-cassava and potatoes
Bicarbonate is responsible for _____. - Answer-neutralizing the stomach acid that has
reached the small intestine
All blood leaving the digestive system is routed directly to the _____. - Answer-liver
_____ allow materials to be exchanged between the blood and tissues - Answer-
capillaries
, _____ carry blood towards the heart - Answer-veins
_____ carry blood away from the heart. - Answer-arteries
Which types of cells can engulf and destroy potential pathogens? - Answer-phagocytes
T- cells - Answer-lymphocytes that attack antigens
B- cells - Answer-respond rapidly to infection by releasing invader-fighting proteins, or
antibodies, into the blood
Which organ releases insulin when it detects a high concentration of the blood's sugar,
glucose? - Answer-pancreas
The Food and Drug Administration is the federal agency responsible for enforcing
standards for the wholesomeness and quality of meat, poultry, and eggs produced in
the United States. - Answer-False
Pregnant women, infants, toddlers, older adults, and people with weakened immune
systems are most vulnerable to harm from foodborne illnesses - Answer-True
Food irradiation kills all bacteria, insects, molds, and parasites on and inside of all
irradiation-approved foods. - Answer-False
Irradiation can decrease spoilage and extend the shelf life of foods by destroying or
inactivating organisms such as the mold that produces the carcinogenic toxin aflatoxin. -
Answer-True
Heart disease is a cause of death that is directly related to nutrition - Answer-True
Each year, the US Department of Health and Human Services sets health and nutrition
objectives for the nation. - Answer-False, every 10 years
An organic nutrient is healthier than a non-organic nutrient - Answer-False
Water is an energy yielding nutrient - Answer-False
Three of the classes of nutrients are energy-yielding nutrients - Answer-True
Essential nutrients are nutrients that the body cannot make for itself - Answer-True
Carbohydrate and protein each provide 4 calories per gram - Answer-True
Calorie control is the characteristic of a nutritious diet that ensures energy intake from
food is balanced with energy expenditure. - Answer-True
Complete Answers
What organs are responsible for excreting wastes generated by the cells of the body? -
Answer-kidneys, liver, lungs, and bladder
Body tissues store excess energy in two forms. Which of the following is one of these
forms of excess energy storage? - Answer-glycogen
To signal hunger, the physiological need for food, the digestive tract sends messages to
the ________ by way of hormones and nerves. - Answer-hypothalamus
Within about 24 to 48 hours of eating, a healthy body digests and absorbs about _____
percent of the energy nutrients in a meal. - Answer-90%
What is the primary function of the pyloric valve? - Answer-to control the flow of chyme
into the small intestine
What is a benefit of food irradiation? - Answer-Irradiation eliminates organisms that
cause foodborne illnesses, such as Salmonella and E. coli.
What is the major agency charged with ensuring that the U.S. food supply is safe,
wholesome, sanitary, and properly labeled? - Answer-Food and Drug Administration
(FDA)
How does modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) enhance the safety and shelf-life of
foods? - Answer-by reducing the available oxygen that helps microbes to grow
The USDA inspects the production, manufacturing, and labeling of what type of food? -
Answer-organic
Genetic modification has the potential to eliminate natural toxins in foods. What are two
examples of foods that can be genetically modified to reduce their naturally occurring
toxins? - Answer-cassava and potatoes
Bicarbonate is responsible for _____. - Answer-neutralizing the stomach acid that has
reached the small intestine
All blood leaving the digestive system is routed directly to the _____. - Answer-liver
_____ allow materials to be exchanged between the blood and tissues - Answer-
capillaries
, _____ carry blood towards the heart - Answer-veins
_____ carry blood away from the heart. - Answer-arteries
Which types of cells can engulf and destroy potential pathogens? - Answer-phagocytes
T- cells - Answer-lymphocytes that attack antigens
B- cells - Answer-respond rapidly to infection by releasing invader-fighting proteins, or
antibodies, into the blood
Which organ releases insulin when it detects a high concentration of the blood's sugar,
glucose? - Answer-pancreas
The Food and Drug Administration is the federal agency responsible for enforcing
standards for the wholesomeness and quality of meat, poultry, and eggs produced in
the United States. - Answer-False
Pregnant women, infants, toddlers, older adults, and people with weakened immune
systems are most vulnerable to harm from foodborne illnesses - Answer-True
Food irradiation kills all bacteria, insects, molds, and parasites on and inside of all
irradiation-approved foods. - Answer-False
Irradiation can decrease spoilage and extend the shelf life of foods by destroying or
inactivating organisms such as the mold that produces the carcinogenic toxin aflatoxin. -
Answer-True
Heart disease is a cause of death that is directly related to nutrition - Answer-True
Each year, the US Department of Health and Human Services sets health and nutrition
objectives for the nation. - Answer-False, every 10 years
An organic nutrient is healthier than a non-organic nutrient - Answer-False
Water is an energy yielding nutrient - Answer-False
Three of the classes of nutrients are energy-yielding nutrients - Answer-True
Essential nutrients are nutrients that the body cannot make for itself - Answer-True
Carbohydrate and protein each provide 4 calories per gram - Answer-True
Calorie control is the characteristic of a nutritious diet that ensures energy intake from
food is balanced with energy expenditure. - Answer-True
