8/20/24, 8:48
PM
DANIEL
FCCN level 1 Exam
Terms in this set (127)
minimum urine output for adult 0.5mL/kg/hr
- water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
- hypothalamus senses low blood volumed and increased serum osmolality
- signal pituitary to release ADH
ADH pathway
- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum osmolality
- cardiac hormone stored in atria
- released when atrial pressure increases
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing intravascular volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
hydrostatic pressure - forces fluids and solutes through the capillary wall and into the tissue spaces
- pulling force of albumin in the intravascular spaces
colloid osmotic pressure
- pull fluid into vasculature
- replaces normal ongoing losses of water and electrolytes (urine, sweat, respiration,
maintenance fluid therapy
stool)
replacement therapy - corrects any existing water and or electrolyte deficits
- tonicity equal to plasma in the body
- no fluid shifts because the solutions are equally concentrated
isotonic fluids
- LR
- NS
FCCN level 1 Exam
- D5W
1/
8
, 8/20/24, 8:48
PM
- lower concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
- fluid shifts into the cell to dilute the electrolytes (CELL SWELLS)
hypotonic fluids
- 0.45NS
- higher concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
- pulls fluid out of cells and into the vessels (CELL SHRINKS)
hypertonic fluid - D5 .45NS
- D5NS
- D5LR
- 3%, 7%, 23.4% NaCl
- pull fluid into bloodstream
colloids Albumin
- 5% is osmotically equal to plasma
- 25% draws 4 times the normal volume into the circulation
- not a risk free fluid replacement
blood
- this is liquid transplant
- fluid is not lost from the body but the fluid is not available for use in the
intracellular or extracellular compartments (fluid is in between tissues/cells)
third spacing
- this patient is intravascularly dry and still needs more fluid
-
can you give platelets through the ranger - no it will aggreggate the platelets
- less than 135 -145
- weakness
hyponatremia - abdominal cramping/leg cramps
- dizzy
- change in LOC
- seizures
- hypovolemic (give IV fluid)
different ways to treat hyponatremia - euvolemic (fluid restriction)
- hypervolemic (diuretic)
- EMERGENCY
- below 115
- give hypertonic saline if patient is symptomatic
severe hyponatremia
- in ICU setting
infused slowly in small amounts. be prepared to handle seizures
- prolonged QT
- ST depression
hypokalemia ECG changes
U WAVE is hallmark sign
if you see a U wave then YOU need K+
2/
8
PM
DANIEL
FCCN level 1 Exam
Terms in this set (127)
minimum urine output for adult 0.5mL/kg/hr
- water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
- hypothalamus senses low blood volumed and increased serum osmolality
- signal pituitary to release ADH
ADH pathway
- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum osmolality
- cardiac hormone stored in atria
- released when atrial pressure increases
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing intravascular volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
hydrostatic pressure - forces fluids and solutes through the capillary wall and into the tissue spaces
- pulling force of albumin in the intravascular spaces
colloid osmotic pressure
- pull fluid into vasculature
- replaces normal ongoing losses of water and electrolytes (urine, sweat, respiration,
maintenance fluid therapy
stool)
replacement therapy - corrects any existing water and or electrolyte deficits
- tonicity equal to plasma in the body
- no fluid shifts because the solutions are equally concentrated
isotonic fluids
- LR
- NS
FCCN level 1 Exam
- D5W
1/
8
, 8/20/24, 8:48
PM
- lower concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
- fluid shifts into the cell to dilute the electrolytes (CELL SWELLS)
hypotonic fluids
- 0.45NS
- higher concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
- pulls fluid out of cells and into the vessels (CELL SHRINKS)
hypertonic fluid - D5 .45NS
- D5NS
- D5LR
- 3%, 7%, 23.4% NaCl
- pull fluid into bloodstream
colloids Albumin
- 5% is osmotically equal to plasma
- 25% draws 4 times the normal volume into the circulation
- not a risk free fluid replacement
blood
- this is liquid transplant
- fluid is not lost from the body but the fluid is not available for use in the
intracellular or extracellular compartments (fluid is in between tissues/cells)
third spacing
- this patient is intravascularly dry and still needs more fluid
-
can you give platelets through the ranger - no it will aggreggate the platelets
- less than 135 -145
- weakness
hyponatremia - abdominal cramping/leg cramps
- dizzy
- change in LOC
- seizures
- hypovolemic (give IV fluid)
different ways to treat hyponatremia - euvolemic (fluid restriction)
- hypervolemic (diuretic)
- EMERGENCY
- below 115
- give hypertonic saline if patient is symptomatic
severe hyponatremia
- in ICU setting
infused slowly in small amounts. be prepared to handle seizures
- prolonged QT
- ST depression
hypokalemia ECG changes
U WAVE is hallmark sign
if you see a U wave then YOU need K+
2/
8
