Evidence Based Practice – Questions
With Complete Solutions(Guaranteed
Success)
The grip strength of a group of 50 to 60 year-olds was investigated. A mean score of 40,
SD of 5, and range of 26-57 were reported. The grip strength score for a given patient
was determined to be 34. You can safely conclude that in a normal distribution this
patient's score fell within:
a. 68%
b. 95%
c. 75%
d. 32% - correct answer...✔✔b. 95%
Two therapists are asked to perform a test on the same group of patients using the
Functional Independence Measure (FIM). The results of both sets of measurements
reveal differences in therapists' scores but not in the repeat measurements. This is
indicative of a problem in:
a. interrater reliability
b. concurrent validity
c. intrarater reliability
d. construct validity - correct answer...✔✔a. interrater reliability
A therapist wants to compare the frequencies of carpal tunnel syndrome occurring in
different groups of individuals: assembly line workers and computer programmers. The
MOST appropriate statistical tool to use for analysis of the data is:
a. simple one-way ANOVA
b. t test
c. normal distribution curve
d. chi square test - correct answer...✔✔d. chi square test
In a research study in which there is a skewed distribution with extreme scores on a
balance measure that deviates from the performance of the total groups, the MOST
accurate representation of central tendency is:
a. mean
b. mode
c. standard deviation
d. median - correct answer...✔✔d. median
A therapist is performing clinical research in which a specific myofascial technique is
applied to a patient with chronic back pain. She is using a single case experimental
design with an A-B-A-B format. Her research hypothesis states that pain rating scores
will decrease with the treatment intervention. Acceptance of this hypothesis would be
indicated if:
AGRADESOLUTIONS
,a. B is less than A
b. B is equal to A
c. B is greater than A, at the 1.0 level
d. B is greater than A, at the .05 level - correct answer...✔✔a. B is less than A
A researcher states that he expects that there will be no significant difference between
20 and 30 year-olds after a 12 week exercise training program using exercise heart
rates and myocardial oxygen consumptions as measures of performance. The kind of
hypothesis that is being used in this study is a (an):
a. experimental hypothesis
b. null hypothesis
c. research hypothesis
d. directional hypothesis - correct answer...✔✔b. null hypothesis
A patient has been screened using a new test for the presence of a mutation in a gene
(ALG-2) linked to Alzheimer's disease. His physician reports he lacks the gene and
should not be at increased risk to develop the disease. Some years later he develops
Alzheimer's and a repeat test reveals the presence of the mutation. The results of the
initial test can be interpreted as:
a. false positive
b. false negative
c. high specificity
d. high sensitivity - correct answer...✔✔b. false negative
A multicenter study was done on the reliability of passive wrist flexion and extension
goniometric measurements using volar/dorsal alignment, ulnar alignment and radial
alignment. Significant differences were revealed between the three techniques. An
appropriate level for determining significant difference is a P value of:
a. P=0.015
b. P=0.5
c. P=0.05
d. P=0.1 - correct answer...✔✔c. P=0.05
A therapists conducts a study of the effectiveness of hot and cold in treating patients
with pain. He recruits 200 patients for each treatment group. The pain instrument he
uses has a possible score of 50, with 50 being the worst pain. His data analysis reveals
that Group A (heat modalities) has a mean score of 33 with a standard deviation of 1.0
while Group B (cold modalities) had a mean of 35 with a standard deviation of 6.0.
Based on this data the conclusion one should reach is:
a. heat has a greater effect on pain relief than cold
b. cold has a greater effect on pain relief than heat
c. the spread of scores with cold treatment demonstrates variability is greater
d. the spread of scores with heat treatment demonstrates variability is greater - correct
answer...✔✔c. the spread of scores with cold treatment demonstrates variability is
greater
AGRADESOLUTIONS
,A therapist wants to know whether NDT handling technique produces an improvement
in independent rolling that lasts longer than 30 minutes. In this study rolling is the:
a. dependent variable
b. independent variable
c. intervening variable
d. control variable - correct answer...✔✔a. dependent variable
A therapist investigated the accuracy of pulse oximeter estimates during exercise.
Correlational analysis measured the strength of the relationship between two types of
ear-probe-equipped pulse oximeters during heavy cycle exercise under hypoxic
conditions. The investigator found measured arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation
(%HbO2) levels to have a correlation of .89 at high saturation but only .68 at low
saturation levels. The results of the study suggest:
a. both machines are highly accurate at all saturation levels
b. during heavy exercise, oxygen saturation levels should be interpreted cautiously
c. accuracy of the measurements increases at higher saturation levels
d. both machines are only moderately accurate - correct answer...✔✔c. accuracy of the
measurements increases at higher saturation levels
A therapist wishes to determine the effectiveness of TENS on the relief of pain in a
group of 20 patients with phantom limb pain. She recruits patients over a 2 year period.
All receive a 6 week intervention. She finds that 12 patients with phantom pain got pain
relief while 8 had no relief. The BEST conclusion that can be reached is:
a. since a no treatment group was not used for comparison, no conclusions can be
reached
b. TENS has a 60% rate of effectiveness
c. 40% of patients with phantom pain do not benefit from TENS
d. since a quasi-experimental design was used, the treatment effectiveness of TENS is
established - correct answer...✔✔a. since a no treatment group was not used for
comparison, no conclusions can be reached
A comparison of the effects of exercise in water, on land, or combined on the
rehabilitation outcome of patients with intra-articular anterior cruciate ligament
reconstructions revealed that less joint effusion was noted after 8 weeks in the water
group. An appropriate statistical test to compare the girth measurements of the three
groups is:
a. analysis of variance
b. Spearman rho
c. analysis of covariance
d. chi square - correct answer...✔✔a. analysis of variance
A therapist is investigating the relationship between ratings of perceived exertion (RPE)
and type of testing modality: arm ergometry versus leg ergometry. She finds a
correlation 0.59 with the arm testing while the correlation is 0.79 with the leg testing.
She determines:
a. both arm and leg ergometry are only moderately correlated with RPE
AGRADESOLUTIONS
, b. both arm and leg ergometry are highly correlated with RPE
c. leg ergometry is highly correlated with RPE while arm ergometry is only moderately
correlated
d. the common variance of both types of testing is only 22% - correct answer...✔✔c.
leg ergometry is highly correlated with RPE while arm ergometry is only moderately
correlated
You are treating a patient with multiple sclerosis who is part of a national study testing
the effectiveness of a new medication. Your subject reports that the pill she is taking
makes her feel better and allows her to move easier. At the conclusion of the study it is
revealed that she was part of the control group. Her responses are MOST likely due to:
a. placebo effect
b. sampling bias
c. Hawthorne effect
d. pretest-treatment interference - correct answer...✔✔a. placebo effect
A valid informed consent for research purposes should include all of the following
elements EXCEPT:
a. an understandable explanation of the purpose and procedures to be used
b. all reasonable and foreseeable risks and discomforts
c. all potential benefits of participation
d. a statement ensuring the subject's commitment to participate for the duration of the
study - correct answer...✔✔d. a statement ensuring the subject's commitment to
participate for the duration of the study
A therapist wants to determine whether a treatment was effective in reducing lower
extremity edema in a group of patients with peripheral vascular edema. Volumetric
measurements are used using a water displacement method. The data was compared
to a control group receiving no treatment. Analysis of this data is BEST done by
employing:
a. t test
b. chi square
c. ANOVA
d. Pearson's product moment - correct answer...✔✔a. t test
A physical therapist wants to assess the effects of PNF using the technique of contract-
relax on shoulder ROM. A group of 10 patients with adhesive capsulitis were recruited.
A matched group of patients were given straight plan active-assisted exercise for the
same length of time (3 time/week for 6 weeks). In this study the independent variable is:
a. PNF contract-relax technique
b. active-assisted exercise
c. ROM
d. adhesive capsulitis - correct answer...✔✔a. PNF contract-relax technique
A therapists wants to investigate the effectiveness of use of the therapeutic pool for
decreasing pain in a group of patients with fibromyalgia. Two groups of patients were
AGRADESOLUTIONS
With Complete Solutions(Guaranteed
Success)
The grip strength of a group of 50 to 60 year-olds was investigated. A mean score of 40,
SD of 5, and range of 26-57 were reported. The grip strength score for a given patient
was determined to be 34. You can safely conclude that in a normal distribution this
patient's score fell within:
a. 68%
b. 95%
c. 75%
d. 32% - correct answer...✔✔b. 95%
Two therapists are asked to perform a test on the same group of patients using the
Functional Independence Measure (FIM). The results of both sets of measurements
reveal differences in therapists' scores but not in the repeat measurements. This is
indicative of a problem in:
a. interrater reliability
b. concurrent validity
c. intrarater reliability
d. construct validity - correct answer...✔✔a. interrater reliability
A therapist wants to compare the frequencies of carpal tunnel syndrome occurring in
different groups of individuals: assembly line workers and computer programmers. The
MOST appropriate statistical tool to use for analysis of the data is:
a. simple one-way ANOVA
b. t test
c. normal distribution curve
d. chi square test - correct answer...✔✔d. chi square test
In a research study in which there is a skewed distribution with extreme scores on a
balance measure that deviates from the performance of the total groups, the MOST
accurate representation of central tendency is:
a. mean
b. mode
c. standard deviation
d. median - correct answer...✔✔d. median
A therapist is performing clinical research in which a specific myofascial technique is
applied to a patient with chronic back pain. She is using a single case experimental
design with an A-B-A-B format. Her research hypothesis states that pain rating scores
will decrease with the treatment intervention. Acceptance of this hypothesis would be
indicated if:
AGRADESOLUTIONS
,a. B is less than A
b. B is equal to A
c. B is greater than A, at the 1.0 level
d. B is greater than A, at the .05 level - correct answer...✔✔a. B is less than A
A researcher states that he expects that there will be no significant difference between
20 and 30 year-olds after a 12 week exercise training program using exercise heart
rates and myocardial oxygen consumptions as measures of performance. The kind of
hypothesis that is being used in this study is a (an):
a. experimental hypothesis
b. null hypothesis
c. research hypothesis
d. directional hypothesis - correct answer...✔✔b. null hypothesis
A patient has been screened using a new test for the presence of a mutation in a gene
(ALG-2) linked to Alzheimer's disease. His physician reports he lacks the gene and
should not be at increased risk to develop the disease. Some years later he develops
Alzheimer's and a repeat test reveals the presence of the mutation. The results of the
initial test can be interpreted as:
a. false positive
b. false negative
c. high specificity
d. high sensitivity - correct answer...✔✔b. false negative
A multicenter study was done on the reliability of passive wrist flexion and extension
goniometric measurements using volar/dorsal alignment, ulnar alignment and radial
alignment. Significant differences were revealed between the three techniques. An
appropriate level for determining significant difference is a P value of:
a. P=0.015
b. P=0.5
c. P=0.05
d. P=0.1 - correct answer...✔✔c. P=0.05
A therapists conducts a study of the effectiveness of hot and cold in treating patients
with pain. He recruits 200 patients for each treatment group. The pain instrument he
uses has a possible score of 50, with 50 being the worst pain. His data analysis reveals
that Group A (heat modalities) has a mean score of 33 with a standard deviation of 1.0
while Group B (cold modalities) had a mean of 35 with a standard deviation of 6.0.
Based on this data the conclusion one should reach is:
a. heat has a greater effect on pain relief than cold
b. cold has a greater effect on pain relief than heat
c. the spread of scores with cold treatment demonstrates variability is greater
d. the spread of scores with heat treatment demonstrates variability is greater - correct
answer...✔✔c. the spread of scores with cold treatment demonstrates variability is
greater
AGRADESOLUTIONS
,A therapist wants to know whether NDT handling technique produces an improvement
in independent rolling that lasts longer than 30 minutes. In this study rolling is the:
a. dependent variable
b. independent variable
c. intervening variable
d. control variable - correct answer...✔✔a. dependent variable
A therapist investigated the accuracy of pulse oximeter estimates during exercise.
Correlational analysis measured the strength of the relationship between two types of
ear-probe-equipped pulse oximeters during heavy cycle exercise under hypoxic
conditions. The investigator found measured arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation
(%HbO2) levels to have a correlation of .89 at high saturation but only .68 at low
saturation levels. The results of the study suggest:
a. both machines are highly accurate at all saturation levels
b. during heavy exercise, oxygen saturation levels should be interpreted cautiously
c. accuracy of the measurements increases at higher saturation levels
d. both machines are only moderately accurate - correct answer...✔✔c. accuracy of the
measurements increases at higher saturation levels
A therapist wishes to determine the effectiveness of TENS on the relief of pain in a
group of 20 patients with phantom limb pain. She recruits patients over a 2 year period.
All receive a 6 week intervention. She finds that 12 patients with phantom pain got pain
relief while 8 had no relief. The BEST conclusion that can be reached is:
a. since a no treatment group was not used for comparison, no conclusions can be
reached
b. TENS has a 60% rate of effectiveness
c. 40% of patients with phantom pain do not benefit from TENS
d. since a quasi-experimental design was used, the treatment effectiveness of TENS is
established - correct answer...✔✔a. since a no treatment group was not used for
comparison, no conclusions can be reached
A comparison of the effects of exercise in water, on land, or combined on the
rehabilitation outcome of patients with intra-articular anterior cruciate ligament
reconstructions revealed that less joint effusion was noted after 8 weeks in the water
group. An appropriate statistical test to compare the girth measurements of the three
groups is:
a. analysis of variance
b. Spearman rho
c. analysis of covariance
d. chi square - correct answer...✔✔a. analysis of variance
A therapist is investigating the relationship between ratings of perceived exertion (RPE)
and type of testing modality: arm ergometry versus leg ergometry. She finds a
correlation 0.59 with the arm testing while the correlation is 0.79 with the leg testing.
She determines:
a. both arm and leg ergometry are only moderately correlated with RPE
AGRADESOLUTIONS
, b. both arm and leg ergometry are highly correlated with RPE
c. leg ergometry is highly correlated with RPE while arm ergometry is only moderately
correlated
d. the common variance of both types of testing is only 22% - correct answer...✔✔c.
leg ergometry is highly correlated with RPE while arm ergometry is only moderately
correlated
You are treating a patient with multiple sclerosis who is part of a national study testing
the effectiveness of a new medication. Your subject reports that the pill she is taking
makes her feel better and allows her to move easier. At the conclusion of the study it is
revealed that she was part of the control group. Her responses are MOST likely due to:
a. placebo effect
b. sampling bias
c. Hawthorne effect
d. pretest-treatment interference - correct answer...✔✔a. placebo effect
A valid informed consent for research purposes should include all of the following
elements EXCEPT:
a. an understandable explanation of the purpose and procedures to be used
b. all reasonable and foreseeable risks and discomforts
c. all potential benefits of participation
d. a statement ensuring the subject's commitment to participate for the duration of the
study - correct answer...✔✔d. a statement ensuring the subject's commitment to
participate for the duration of the study
A therapist wants to determine whether a treatment was effective in reducing lower
extremity edema in a group of patients with peripheral vascular edema. Volumetric
measurements are used using a water displacement method. The data was compared
to a control group receiving no treatment. Analysis of this data is BEST done by
employing:
a. t test
b. chi square
c. ANOVA
d. Pearson's product moment - correct answer...✔✔a. t test
A physical therapist wants to assess the effects of PNF using the technique of contract-
relax on shoulder ROM. A group of 10 patients with adhesive capsulitis were recruited.
A matched group of patients were given straight plan active-assisted exercise for the
same length of time (3 time/week for 6 weeks). In this study the independent variable is:
a. PNF contract-relax technique
b. active-assisted exercise
c. ROM
d. adhesive capsulitis - correct answer...✔✔a. PNF contract-relax technique
A therapists wants to investigate the effectiveness of use of the therapeutic pool for
decreasing pain in a group of patients with fibromyalgia. Two groups of patients were
AGRADESOLUTIONS
