Foundations of Health Latest Exam
2024
Briefly describe the levels of government agencies and provide an example of each. -
ANSWER International- concerns everyone around the world (World Health Organization);
National- concerns the entire country (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention); State- concerns
the state (State health department); Local- concerns the county (Local health department)
Compare and contrast "goals" versus "objectives." - ANSWER Simple and broad vs. SMART
Compare and contrast "top-down" methods of improving health and "grass-roots" methods. Which is
more effective? Why? - ANSWER Top-down methods focus on policy formation and policy
execution by government officials and "grass-roots" focus on individuals at subordinate levels that
will play an important role in policy implementation. "Grass-roots" b/c that person will act as a "gate-
keeper", which is the person that the population looks up to.
Compare and contrast "upstream" versus "downstream" approaches to improving health of a
population. Which is more effective? Why? - ANSWER Upstream prevention, program
policies; downstream health outcomes; upstream: stopping it before it happens
Compare and contrast the roles of health education specialists in the four major practice/work
settings. - ANSWER School setting- having classroom school health education lessons,
school lunch programs, health screenings, physical education, a healthy and safe school
environment, the availability of having trained school counselors, faculty and staff health promotion,
and family and community support for education and health; Public Health setting- to monitor and
improve the health of the public they serve in either the local, city, state, or federal level, must be
familiar with many cultures and languages; Clinical or Healthcare setting- involved in conducting one-
on-one patient education, planning and implementing education programs for enrollees or other
medical providers, coordinating community education programs on a variety of health topics,
conducting program evaluations, marketing the health services available through the
hospital/clinic/HMO, conduct health education/promotion activities for the employees, and serve as
a member of a community health promotion team; Work-site setting- must provide continuing
education, recreational opportunities, health promotion, and financial planning
Define ethics. Explain the difference between ethics and morality. - ANSWER The study of
morality; Defines acceptable and unacceptable behavior within the norms of a particular group...Sets
standards for right and wrong in human and behavior
Define the term "Social Determinants of Health." Why should public health specialists focus more on
the social determinants of health? - ANSWER "The causes of the causes"; because it's an
upstream approach that focuses on 40% of health factors, which are social, physical and economic
(education, employment, income, family & social support, and community safety) -economic stability
-education 1 social and community context -health and healthcare -neighborhood and build
environment
Describe some specific behaviors of health educators that one might consider hypocritical or
unethical. - ANSWER Doing drugs and drinking alcohol, Eating fast food, Smoking, Practicing
unsafe sex, Tanning in a tanning bed, Not using sunscreen
Describe the role delineation project and its significance to the field of health education. Who was
the pioneer that started the role delineation project? In what year? - ANSWER The process
, Foundations of Health Latest Exam
2024
of identifying the specific responsibilities, competencies, and sub-competencies associated with the
practice of health education/promotion; became a difference between school health education and
community health education; Helen P. Cleary; 1979
Describe why credentialing (CHES) will become even more important for future health education
specialists. - ANSWER It establishes a national standard of practice for all health education
specialists; attests to the individual health education specialist's knowledge and skills; assists
employers in identifying qualified health education practitioners; develops a sense of pride and
accomplishment among certified health education specialists; promote continued professional
development for health education specialists
Despite all the attention and money invested, why do racial/ethnic health disparities continue to
persist in the United States? - ANSWER Traditional top-down approach instead of
empowering and equipping minority citizens at the grass-roots level; intermittent grant funding;
focus on downstream variables.
Explain the differences between the following terms: certification, registration, licensure, and
accreditation. - ANSWER Certification- a process by which a professional organization grants
recognition to an individual who, upon completion of a competency-based curriculum, can
demonstrate a predetermined standard of performance;
Registration- the act or process of entering information about something in a book or system of
public records;
Licensure- the process by which an agency or government grants permission to individuals to
practice a given profession by certifying that those licensed have attained specific standards of
competence;
Accreditation- the status of public recognition that an accrediting agency grants to an education
institution or program that meets the agency's standards or requirements.
Explain the purpose of a professional association/organization. What are the benefits derived from
membership in a professional organization? - ANSWER To promote the high standards of
professional practice for their respective profession, thereby improving the health of society by
improving the people in the profession; opportunity to interact/collaborate/network with other
professionals, develop professional colleagues, have a professional identity, leadership development,
advocacy alerts and updates, get connected to job banks and internship opportunities
Explain this statement: The best health promotion/disease prevention programs have strong
alignment among all program components. What does this mean? What are the major program
components of every program? - ANSWER
government health agency - ANSWER Health agencies that have authority for certain duties
or tasks outlined by the governmental bodies that oversee them
2024
Briefly describe the levels of government agencies and provide an example of each. -
ANSWER International- concerns everyone around the world (World Health Organization);
National- concerns the entire country (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention); State- concerns
the state (State health department); Local- concerns the county (Local health department)
Compare and contrast "goals" versus "objectives." - ANSWER Simple and broad vs. SMART
Compare and contrast "top-down" methods of improving health and "grass-roots" methods. Which is
more effective? Why? - ANSWER Top-down methods focus on policy formation and policy
execution by government officials and "grass-roots" focus on individuals at subordinate levels that
will play an important role in policy implementation. "Grass-roots" b/c that person will act as a "gate-
keeper", which is the person that the population looks up to.
Compare and contrast "upstream" versus "downstream" approaches to improving health of a
population. Which is more effective? Why? - ANSWER Upstream prevention, program
policies; downstream health outcomes; upstream: stopping it before it happens
Compare and contrast the roles of health education specialists in the four major practice/work
settings. - ANSWER School setting- having classroom school health education lessons,
school lunch programs, health screenings, physical education, a healthy and safe school
environment, the availability of having trained school counselors, faculty and staff health promotion,
and family and community support for education and health; Public Health setting- to monitor and
improve the health of the public they serve in either the local, city, state, or federal level, must be
familiar with many cultures and languages; Clinical or Healthcare setting- involved in conducting one-
on-one patient education, planning and implementing education programs for enrollees or other
medical providers, coordinating community education programs on a variety of health topics,
conducting program evaluations, marketing the health services available through the
hospital/clinic/HMO, conduct health education/promotion activities for the employees, and serve as
a member of a community health promotion team; Work-site setting- must provide continuing
education, recreational opportunities, health promotion, and financial planning
Define ethics. Explain the difference between ethics and morality. - ANSWER The study of
morality; Defines acceptable and unacceptable behavior within the norms of a particular group...Sets
standards for right and wrong in human and behavior
Define the term "Social Determinants of Health." Why should public health specialists focus more on
the social determinants of health? - ANSWER "The causes of the causes"; because it's an
upstream approach that focuses on 40% of health factors, which are social, physical and economic
(education, employment, income, family & social support, and community safety) -economic stability
-education 1 social and community context -health and healthcare -neighborhood and build
environment
Describe some specific behaviors of health educators that one might consider hypocritical or
unethical. - ANSWER Doing drugs and drinking alcohol, Eating fast food, Smoking, Practicing
unsafe sex, Tanning in a tanning bed, Not using sunscreen
Describe the role delineation project and its significance to the field of health education. Who was
the pioneer that started the role delineation project? In what year? - ANSWER The process
, Foundations of Health Latest Exam
2024
of identifying the specific responsibilities, competencies, and sub-competencies associated with the
practice of health education/promotion; became a difference between school health education and
community health education; Helen P. Cleary; 1979
Describe why credentialing (CHES) will become even more important for future health education
specialists. - ANSWER It establishes a national standard of practice for all health education
specialists; attests to the individual health education specialist's knowledge and skills; assists
employers in identifying qualified health education practitioners; develops a sense of pride and
accomplishment among certified health education specialists; promote continued professional
development for health education specialists
Despite all the attention and money invested, why do racial/ethnic health disparities continue to
persist in the United States? - ANSWER Traditional top-down approach instead of
empowering and equipping minority citizens at the grass-roots level; intermittent grant funding;
focus on downstream variables.
Explain the differences between the following terms: certification, registration, licensure, and
accreditation. - ANSWER Certification- a process by which a professional organization grants
recognition to an individual who, upon completion of a competency-based curriculum, can
demonstrate a predetermined standard of performance;
Registration- the act or process of entering information about something in a book or system of
public records;
Licensure- the process by which an agency or government grants permission to individuals to
practice a given profession by certifying that those licensed have attained specific standards of
competence;
Accreditation- the status of public recognition that an accrediting agency grants to an education
institution or program that meets the agency's standards or requirements.
Explain the purpose of a professional association/organization. What are the benefits derived from
membership in a professional organization? - ANSWER To promote the high standards of
professional practice for their respective profession, thereby improving the health of society by
improving the people in the profession; opportunity to interact/collaborate/network with other
professionals, develop professional colleagues, have a professional identity, leadership development,
advocacy alerts and updates, get connected to job banks and internship opportunities
Explain this statement: The best health promotion/disease prevention programs have strong
alignment among all program components. What does this mean? What are the major program
components of every program? - ANSWER
government health agency - ANSWER Health agencies that have authority for certain duties
or tasks outlined by the governmental bodies that oversee them
