Straighterline A&P II Final Exam
Questions and Answers | Lattes Version
| 2024/2025 | Graded A+
Describe the role of the hepatic portal system in nutrient processing.
✔✔ The hepatic portal system transports blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver, where
nutrients are processed and toxins are detoxified.
Explain the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in water balance.
✔✔ ADH regulates water retention in the kidneys by increasing water reabsorption, reducing
urine output.
What is the role of the thyroid gland in metabolism?
✔✔ The thyroid gland produces hormones like thyroxine that regulate metabolic rate and energy
consumption.
Describe the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in calcium regulation.
✔✔ PTH increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption and increasing calcium
absorption in the intestines.
1
,Explain the role of the autonomic nervous system in controlling involuntary functions.
✔✔ The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion,
and respiratory rate.
What is the significance of erythropoietin in red blood cell production?
✔✔ Erythropoietin stimulates the production of red blood cells in response to low oxygen levels
in the blood.
Describe the function of the lymphatic system in immune defense.
✔✔ The lymphatic system transports lymph, which contains immune cells, throughout the body
to help fight infections.
Explain the role of insulin in blood sugar regulation.
✔✔ Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells, lowering blood sugar levels.
What is the function of the adrenal medulla in the fight-or-flight response?
✔✔ The adrenal medulla releases adrenaline and noradrenaline, which prepare the body for a
rapid response to stress.
2
, Describe the role of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in blood pressure regulation.
✔✔ The juxtaglomerular apparatus releases renin, which helps regulate blood pressure by
controlling the balance of fluids and electrolytes.
Explain the significance of the blood-brain barrier in protecting the brain.
✔✔ The blood-brain barrier restricts the passage of harmful substances from the bloodstream
into the brain, protecting neural tissue.
What is the role of the renal corpuscle in urine formation?
✔✔ The renal corpuscle filters blood, initiating the process of urine formation by removing
waste and excess substances.
Describe the function of aldosterone in electrolyte balance.
✔✔ Aldosterone regulates the balance of sodium and potassium by promoting sodium
reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys.
Explain the role of bile in fat digestion.
✔✔ Bile emulsifies fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets to aid in digestion and
absorption in the small intestine.
3
Questions and Answers | Lattes Version
| 2024/2025 | Graded A+
Describe the role of the hepatic portal system in nutrient processing.
✔✔ The hepatic portal system transports blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver, where
nutrients are processed and toxins are detoxified.
Explain the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in water balance.
✔✔ ADH regulates water retention in the kidneys by increasing water reabsorption, reducing
urine output.
What is the role of the thyroid gland in metabolism?
✔✔ The thyroid gland produces hormones like thyroxine that regulate metabolic rate and energy
consumption.
Describe the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in calcium regulation.
✔✔ PTH increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption and increasing calcium
absorption in the intestines.
1
,Explain the role of the autonomic nervous system in controlling involuntary functions.
✔✔ The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion,
and respiratory rate.
What is the significance of erythropoietin in red blood cell production?
✔✔ Erythropoietin stimulates the production of red blood cells in response to low oxygen levels
in the blood.
Describe the function of the lymphatic system in immune defense.
✔✔ The lymphatic system transports lymph, which contains immune cells, throughout the body
to help fight infections.
Explain the role of insulin in blood sugar regulation.
✔✔ Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells, lowering blood sugar levels.
What is the function of the adrenal medulla in the fight-or-flight response?
✔✔ The adrenal medulla releases adrenaline and noradrenaline, which prepare the body for a
rapid response to stress.
2
, Describe the role of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in blood pressure regulation.
✔✔ The juxtaglomerular apparatus releases renin, which helps regulate blood pressure by
controlling the balance of fluids and electrolytes.
Explain the significance of the blood-brain barrier in protecting the brain.
✔✔ The blood-brain barrier restricts the passage of harmful substances from the bloodstream
into the brain, protecting neural tissue.
What is the role of the renal corpuscle in urine formation?
✔✔ The renal corpuscle filters blood, initiating the process of urine formation by removing
waste and excess substances.
Describe the function of aldosterone in electrolyte balance.
✔✔ Aldosterone regulates the balance of sodium and potassium by promoting sodium
reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys.
Explain the role of bile in fat digestion.
✔✔ Bile emulsifies fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets to aid in digestion and
absorption in the small intestine.
3
