Introduction to Philosophy Final –
StraighterLine | Latest Update |
2024/2025 | Graded A+
What does "utilitarianism" emphasize as the primary criterion for moral decisions?
- A) Adherence to universal moral laws
- B) The pursuit of personal happiness
- C) The greatest happiness for the greatest number
- D) Following religious commandments
✔✔ C) The greatest happiness for the greatest number
Which philosopher is best known for the concept of the "categorical imperative"?
- A) John Stuart Mill
- B) Immanuel Kant
- C) Friedrich Nietzsche
- D) Aristotle
✔✔ B) Immanuel Kant
In existentialism, what is the primary focus of human existence?
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,- A) Following societal norms
- B) The search for individual meaning and authenticity
- C) Pursuing scientific knowledge
- D) Adhering to divine commands
✔✔ B) The search for individual meaning and authenticity
What is "solipsism" in the context of philosophical theory?
- A) The belief that only one's own mind is sure to exist
- B) The view that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience
- C) The idea that moral values are subjective
- D) The theory that all events are predetermined
✔✔ A) The belief that only one's own mind is sure to exist
Which philosophical theory asserts that reality is fundamentally mental or spiritual?
- A) Materialism
- B) Dualism
- C) Idealism
- D) Empiricism
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,✔✔ C) Idealism
What does the "social contract" theory primarily address?
- A) The nature of knowledge and belief
- B) The justification of government and social order
- C) The ethics of individual actions
- D) The metaphysical nature of existence
✔✔ B) The justification of government and social order
What is "empiricism" in epistemology?
- A) The belief that knowledge is innate and not derived from experience
- B) The theory that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience
- C) The view that knowledge can be acquired through pure reason alone
- D) The idea that reality is unknowable
✔✔ B) The theory that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience
Which philosopher is associated with the concept of "the will to power"?
- A) Jean-Paul Sartre
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, - B) Karl Marx
- C) Friedrich Nietzsche
- D) Thomas Hobbes
✔✔ C) Friedrich Nietzsche
What is the main idea behind "phenomenology"?
- A) The study of abstract concepts and mathematical structures
- B) The analysis of subjective experiences and consciousness
- C) The exploration of economic systems and class struggle
- D) The investigation of moral principles and ethical dilemmas
✔✔ B) The analysis of subjective experiences and consciousness
In philosophical terms, what does "determinism" refer to?
- A) The belief that all events are influenced by free will
- B) The idea that all events are determined by prior causes
- C) The view that knowledge is impossible
- D) The theory that ethical standards are subjective
✔✔ B) The idea that all events are determined by prior causes
4
StraighterLine | Latest Update |
2024/2025 | Graded A+
What does "utilitarianism" emphasize as the primary criterion for moral decisions?
- A) Adherence to universal moral laws
- B) The pursuit of personal happiness
- C) The greatest happiness for the greatest number
- D) Following religious commandments
✔✔ C) The greatest happiness for the greatest number
Which philosopher is best known for the concept of the "categorical imperative"?
- A) John Stuart Mill
- B) Immanuel Kant
- C) Friedrich Nietzsche
- D) Aristotle
✔✔ B) Immanuel Kant
In existentialism, what is the primary focus of human existence?
1
,- A) Following societal norms
- B) The search for individual meaning and authenticity
- C) Pursuing scientific knowledge
- D) Adhering to divine commands
✔✔ B) The search for individual meaning and authenticity
What is "solipsism" in the context of philosophical theory?
- A) The belief that only one's own mind is sure to exist
- B) The view that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience
- C) The idea that moral values are subjective
- D) The theory that all events are predetermined
✔✔ A) The belief that only one's own mind is sure to exist
Which philosophical theory asserts that reality is fundamentally mental or spiritual?
- A) Materialism
- B) Dualism
- C) Idealism
- D) Empiricism
2
,✔✔ C) Idealism
What does the "social contract" theory primarily address?
- A) The nature of knowledge and belief
- B) The justification of government and social order
- C) The ethics of individual actions
- D) The metaphysical nature of existence
✔✔ B) The justification of government and social order
What is "empiricism" in epistemology?
- A) The belief that knowledge is innate and not derived from experience
- B) The theory that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience
- C) The view that knowledge can be acquired through pure reason alone
- D) The idea that reality is unknowable
✔✔ B) The theory that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience
Which philosopher is associated with the concept of "the will to power"?
- A) Jean-Paul Sartre
3
, - B) Karl Marx
- C) Friedrich Nietzsche
- D) Thomas Hobbes
✔✔ C) Friedrich Nietzsche
What is the main idea behind "phenomenology"?
- A) The study of abstract concepts and mathematical structures
- B) The analysis of subjective experiences and consciousness
- C) The exploration of economic systems and class struggle
- D) The investigation of moral principles and ethical dilemmas
✔✔ B) The analysis of subjective experiences and consciousness
In philosophical terms, what does "determinism" refer to?
- A) The belief that all events are influenced by free will
- B) The idea that all events are determined by prior causes
- C) The view that knowledge is impossible
- D) The theory that ethical standards are subjective
✔✔ B) The idea that all events are determined by prior causes
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