Biod 151 - final exam 2023-2025 question and correct answer /already graded
A+
What are the levels of organization in the body? - answer>>atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle,
cell, tissue, organ, organ systems, organism
What is ventral v dorsal? - answer>>front (anterior) v back (posterior)
What is medial v lateral? - answer>>toward the midline of the body v away from the midline of the body
What is proximal v distal? - answer>>close to the point of attachment v farther from point of
attachment
What is deep v superficial? - answer>>away from the body surface v toward the body surface
What is flexion v extension? - answer>>closing of a joint v opening of a joint
what is ABduction v ADDuction? - answer>>movement away from midline v movement toward midline
What is dorsiflexion v plantarflexion? - answer>>toes up v toes down
What is pronation v supination? - answer>>palms up/foot lateral v palms down/foot medial
What is elevation v depression? - answer>>upward movement of a structure v downward movement of
a structure
What is retraction v protraction? - answer>>movement of a structure drawn backward v movement of a
structure drawn forward
Describe anatomical position - answer>>Standing upright with feet slightly apart, palms facing forward
and thumbs facing away from the body
What is the sagittal plane? - answer>>divides body into left and right (midsagittal is equal parts)
,Biod 151 - final exam 2023-2025 question and correct answer /already graded
A+
What are frontal planes? - answer>>divides body into front and back
What is a transverse plane? - answer>>divides the body into superior and inferior parts
What lies within the dorsal cavity? - answer>>the cranial cavity, the spinal cavity, pelvic cavity
What lies within the ventral body cavity? - answer>>thoracic cavity, pleural cavity, thoracic cavity,
pericardial cavity, abdominopelvic cavity
What is serosa? - answer>>membrane that lines the ventral body cavity and the outer surface of the
organs
What is pleurisy? - answer>>inflammation of the pleurae
What are the nine abdominopelvic regions? - answer>>R/L hypochondriac, epigastric, R/L lumbar,
umbilical, R/L hypogastric, hypogastric
Why do cells need to remain relatively small? - answer>>Because as the cell expands, the amount of
surface area relative to volume decreases. The smaller cell is more active when its surface area, relative
to its volume, is bigger
What are the three characteristics of a prokaryotic cell? - answer>>smaller than eukaryotic, DNA is not
enclosed in a nuclear membrane, do not contain many of the internal membrane-bound organelles that
eukaryotic cells have
What parts of a prokaryotic cell can be labeled? - answer>>capsule, cell wall, plasma membrane,
cytoplasm, ribosomes, plasmid, pili, bacterial flagellum, nucleoid
What is the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell? - answer>>surrounded by a nuclear membrane and contains
DNA. Serves as the control enter of the cell
What are chromosomes? - answer>>organized form of DNA in a cell
, Biod 151 - final exam 2023-2025 question and correct answer /already graded
A+
What are genes? - answer>>sections of a chromosome that determine what proteins are synthesized in
the ribosomes
What transfers the information from the DNA to the ribosomes? - answer>>Messenger RNA
Where is RNA made? - answer>>nucleolus
What are ribosomes? - answer>>tiny manufacturing plants that assemble proteins.
Where are ribosomes located? - answer>>the rough ER
What is the purpose of the rough/smooth ER? - answer>>after proteins are assembled, they are
modified and transported by the eR. The smooth ER also synthesizes lipids
What is the cytoplasm? - answer>>fluid portion of the cell and all the organelles outside of the nucleus
What is the golgi complex? - answer>>made up of flattened sacs called cisternae. Responsible for
receiving lipids and proteins synthesized by the ER altering their structures and shipping them to other
parts of the cell.
What are lysosomes? - answer>>produced by the golgi complex, they are a digestive enzyme that breaks
down proteins, lipids, carbs, and nucleic acids
What is tay-sachs? - answer>>when a normally present digestive enzyme is lacking that causes a topic
lipid in the brain to build up resulting in intellectual disability and death
What are the protein fibers that compose the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells? - answer>>microtubules-
hollow cylinders that are involved in the movement of chromosomes during cell division and the
structure of cilia and flagella; microfilaments - solid, flexible fibers made up of two intertwined polymer
chains of actins.
A+
What are the levels of organization in the body? - answer>>atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle,
cell, tissue, organ, organ systems, organism
What is ventral v dorsal? - answer>>front (anterior) v back (posterior)
What is medial v lateral? - answer>>toward the midline of the body v away from the midline of the body
What is proximal v distal? - answer>>close to the point of attachment v farther from point of
attachment
What is deep v superficial? - answer>>away from the body surface v toward the body surface
What is flexion v extension? - answer>>closing of a joint v opening of a joint
what is ABduction v ADDuction? - answer>>movement away from midline v movement toward midline
What is dorsiflexion v plantarflexion? - answer>>toes up v toes down
What is pronation v supination? - answer>>palms up/foot lateral v palms down/foot medial
What is elevation v depression? - answer>>upward movement of a structure v downward movement of
a structure
What is retraction v protraction? - answer>>movement of a structure drawn backward v movement of a
structure drawn forward
Describe anatomical position - answer>>Standing upright with feet slightly apart, palms facing forward
and thumbs facing away from the body
What is the sagittal plane? - answer>>divides body into left and right (midsagittal is equal parts)
,Biod 151 - final exam 2023-2025 question and correct answer /already graded
A+
What are frontal planes? - answer>>divides body into front and back
What is a transverse plane? - answer>>divides the body into superior and inferior parts
What lies within the dorsal cavity? - answer>>the cranial cavity, the spinal cavity, pelvic cavity
What lies within the ventral body cavity? - answer>>thoracic cavity, pleural cavity, thoracic cavity,
pericardial cavity, abdominopelvic cavity
What is serosa? - answer>>membrane that lines the ventral body cavity and the outer surface of the
organs
What is pleurisy? - answer>>inflammation of the pleurae
What are the nine abdominopelvic regions? - answer>>R/L hypochondriac, epigastric, R/L lumbar,
umbilical, R/L hypogastric, hypogastric
Why do cells need to remain relatively small? - answer>>Because as the cell expands, the amount of
surface area relative to volume decreases. The smaller cell is more active when its surface area, relative
to its volume, is bigger
What are the three characteristics of a prokaryotic cell? - answer>>smaller than eukaryotic, DNA is not
enclosed in a nuclear membrane, do not contain many of the internal membrane-bound organelles that
eukaryotic cells have
What parts of a prokaryotic cell can be labeled? - answer>>capsule, cell wall, plasma membrane,
cytoplasm, ribosomes, plasmid, pili, bacterial flagellum, nucleoid
What is the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell? - answer>>surrounded by a nuclear membrane and contains
DNA. Serves as the control enter of the cell
What are chromosomes? - answer>>organized form of DNA in a cell
, Biod 151 - final exam 2023-2025 question and correct answer /already graded
A+
What are genes? - answer>>sections of a chromosome that determine what proteins are synthesized in
the ribosomes
What transfers the information from the DNA to the ribosomes? - answer>>Messenger RNA
Where is RNA made? - answer>>nucleolus
What are ribosomes? - answer>>tiny manufacturing plants that assemble proteins.
Where are ribosomes located? - answer>>the rough ER
What is the purpose of the rough/smooth ER? - answer>>after proteins are assembled, they are
modified and transported by the eR. The smooth ER also synthesizes lipids
What is the cytoplasm? - answer>>fluid portion of the cell and all the organelles outside of the nucleus
What is the golgi complex? - answer>>made up of flattened sacs called cisternae. Responsible for
receiving lipids and proteins synthesized by the ER altering their structures and shipping them to other
parts of the cell.
What are lysosomes? - answer>>produced by the golgi complex, they are a digestive enzyme that breaks
down proteins, lipids, carbs, and nucleic acids
What is tay-sachs? - answer>>when a normally present digestive enzyme is lacking that causes a topic
lipid in the brain to build up resulting in intellectual disability and death
What are the protein fibers that compose the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells? - answer>>microtubules-
hollow cylinders that are involved in the movement of chromosomes during cell division and the
structure of cilia and flagella; microfilaments - solid, flexible fibers made up of two intertwined polymer
chains of actins.
