AQA CHEMISTRY PAPER 1
C1 Atomic Structure - CORRECT ANSWERS-
What are atoms? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Atoms are the particles that make up
everything
What is an element? - CORRECT ANSWERS-An element is a substance in which all
the atoms are the same
Where are elements shown? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Elements are shown in the
Periodic table
How many elements are there? - CORRECT ANSWERS-There are around 118
elements
What is a compound? - CORRECT ANSWERS-A compound is a substance that contain
two or more elements chemically combined
Describe the properties of compounds - CORRECT ANSWERS-The properties of
compounds are usually different to the elements that they are made from
What is a mixture? - CORRECT ANSWERS-A mixture is a substance with different
elements or compounds not chemically combined
Give an example of a mixture - CORRECT ANSWERS-An example of a mixture is sand
and water as they are not chemically combined and can be separated by physical
means
What is a molecule? - CORRECT ANSWERS-A molecule is a substance that has any
elements chemically joined
What does a chemical formula tell you about a molecule? - CORRECT ANSWERS-A
chemical formula tells the elements in a molecule and the number of atoms of each
element
How is a chemical formula presented? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Each element symbol
starts with a capital letter, if there is a second letter it is in lower case
Give an example of a chemical formula - CORRECT ANSWERS-
What are state symbols? - CORRECT ANSWERS-State symbols show the physical
state of the substance solid (s), liquid (l), gas (g), or dissolved in water (aq)
,Name three properties of Metals - CORRECT ANSWERS--Strong
-Good conductors of heat and electricity
-High melting and boiling points
Name three properties of Non-Metals - CORRECT ANSWERS--Weak
-Bad conductors of heat and electricity
-Low melting and boiling points
State the four different ways of separating mixtures - CORRECT ANSWERS-Four
different ways of separating mixtures are filtration, crystallisation, distillation or
chromatography
Describe the process of filtration - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pour your mixture onto the
filter paper, the liquid simply passes through the filter paper into the flask. The insoluble
solid cannot pass through and so it stays on the paper
Describe the process of crystallisation - CORRECT ANSWERS-Use the method of
filtration to filter off any excess soluble solid. Evaporate the mixture then transfer the hot
mixture onto a dish. Crystals are formed when the mixture has cooled
Describe the process of simple distillation - CORRECT ANSWERS-First we evaporate
the mixture by heating it, the dissolved solid then vaporises. These vapours condense in
the condenser, the dissolved solid then flows into the beaker and liquid stays in the flask
Describe the process of chromatography - CORRECT ANSWERS-Take a strip of filter
paper and draw a line on the bottom of the paper. Put a small drop of ink on the line,
take a jar full of water up to the line and put the filter paper in. As the water moves up
we see different colours on the paper these are the dyes in the ink
What were the early ideas of the structure of atoms? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Early
ideas of the structure of atoms stated that they are tiny spheres that cannot be divided
What is the plum pudding model? - CORRECT ANSWERS-The plum pudding model is
what scientists suggested is the structure of atoms is after the discovery of the electron
Describe the plum pudding model - CORRECT ANSWERS-The plum pudding model
suggested that an atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons in embedded
in it
Describe how Rutherford carried out the gold foil experiment - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Rutherford took a piece of gold foil, he then fired tiny positive alpha particles at the gold
foil
What did Rutherford observe in the experiment? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Rutherford
observed that most of the particles when straight through the gold foil and sometimes
the alpha particles bounce back of the gold foil
, What did Rutherford discover from these observations? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Rutherford discovered that atoms are mainly empty space as most of the alpha particles
went straight through the gold atoms and that the nucleus of the atom is very small as
only a small number of alpha particles bounce back
Describe the structure of the nuclear model - CORRECT ANSWERS-The nuclear model
states that most of an atom is empty space, in the centre is the nucleus which contains
protons and neutrons around the edge we find electrons
What is the Relative mass and the relative charge of protons, neutrons and electrons? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-
Why do atoms have the same number of protons as electrons? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Because atoms have have no overall charge
What is an Ion? - CORRECT ANSWERS-An ion is a charged particle, it is possible to
get positive or negative ions
What is an Isotope? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Atoms of the same element with different
numbers of neutrons are called isotopes
What is the mass number of an element? - CORRECT ANSWERS-The mass number is
the number on the top of an element it is the number of proton and neutrons combined
What is the atomic number of an element? - CORRECT ANSWERS-The atomic number
is the number on the bottom it is number of protons in an atom, which is the same as
the number of electrons
How many electrons can you fit in the first, second and third shells? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Shell 1 : 2 electrons
Shell 2 : 8 electrons
Shell 3 : 8 electrons
What is an Electronic structure? - CORRECT ANSWERS-A set of number to show the
arrangement of electrons in their shells, eg. [2,6]
C2 The periodic table - CORRECT ANSWERS-
What did John Newlands periodic table look like? - CORRECT ANSWERS-He arranged
the elements in order of increasing atomic mass, he saw that every eighth element
reacted in a similar way
What did Dmitri Mendeleev's periodic table look like? - CORRECT ANSWERS-He
arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass, he switched the order of
C1 Atomic Structure - CORRECT ANSWERS-
What are atoms? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Atoms are the particles that make up
everything
What is an element? - CORRECT ANSWERS-An element is a substance in which all
the atoms are the same
Where are elements shown? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Elements are shown in the
Periodic table
How many elements are there? - CORRECT ANSWERS-There are around 118
elements
What is a compound? - CORRECT ANSWERS-A compound is a substance that contain
two or more elements chemically combined
Describe the properties of compounds - CORRECT ANSWERS-The properties of
compounds are usually different to the elements that they are made from
What is a mixture? - CORRECT ANSWERS-A mixture is a substance with different
elements or compounds not chemically combined
Give an example of a mixture - CORRECT ANSWERS-An example of a mixture is sand
and water as they are not chemically combined and can be separated by physical
means
What is a molecule? - CORRECT ANSWERS-A molecule is a substance that has any
elements chemically joined
What does a chemical formula tell you about a molecule? - CORRECT ANSWERS-A
chemical formula tells the elements in a molecule and the number of atoms of each
element
How is a chemical formula presented? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Each element symbol
starts with a capital letter, if there is a second letter it is in lower case
Give an example of a chemical formula - CORRECT ANSWERS-
What are state symbols? - CORRECT ANSWERS-State symbols show the physical
state of the substance solid (s), liquid (l), gas (g), or dissolved in water (aq)
,Name three properties of Metals - CORRECT ANSWERS--Strong
-Good conductors of heat and electricity
-High melting and boiling points
Name three properties of Non-Metals - CORRECT ANSWERS--Weak
-Bad conductors of heat and electricity
-Low melting and boiling points
State the four different ways of separating mixtures - CORRECT ANSWERS-Four
different ways of separating mixtures are filtration, crystallisation, distillation or
chromatography
Describe the process of filtration - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pour your mixture onto the
filter paper, the liquid simply passes through the filter paper into the flask. The insoluble
solid cannot pass through and so it stays on the paper
Describe the process of crystallisation - CORRECT ANSWERS-Use the method of
filtration to filter off any excess soluble solid. Evaporate the mixture then transfer the hot
mixture onto a dish. Crystals are formed when the mixture has cooled
Describe the process of simple distillation - CORRECT ANSWERS-First we evaporate
the mixture by heating it, the dissolved solid then vaporises. These vapours condense in
the condenser, the dissolved solid then flows into the beaker and liquid stays in the flask
Describe the process of chromatography - CORRECT ANSWERS-Take a strip of filter
paper and draw a line on the bottom of the paper. Put a small drop of ink on the line,
take a jar full of water up to the line and put the filter paper in. As the water moves up
we see different colours on the paper these are the dyes in the ink
What were the early ideas of the structure of atoms? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Early
ideas of the structure of atoms stated that they are tiny spheres that cannot be divided
What is the plum pudding model? - CORRECT ANSWERS-The plum pudding model is
what scientists suggested is the structure of atoms is after the discovery of the electron
Describe the plum pudding model - CORRECT ANSWERS-The plum pudding model
suggested that an atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons in embedded
in it
Describe how Rutherford carried out the gold foil experiment - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Rutherford took a piece of gold foil, he then fired tiny positive alpha particles at the gold
foil
What did Rutherford observe in the experiment? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Rutherford
observed that most of the particles when straight through the gold foil and sometimes
the alpha particles bounce back of the gold foil
, What did Rutherford discover from these observations? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Rutherford discovered that atoms are mainly empty space as most of the alpha particles
went straight through the gold atoms and that the nucleus of the atom is very small as
only a small number of alpha particles bounce back
Describe the structure of the nuclear model - CORRECT ANSWERS-The nuclear model
states that most of an atom is empty space, in the centre is the nucleus which contains
protons and neutrons around the edge we find electrons
What is the Relative mass and the relative charge of protons, neutrons and electrons? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-
Why do atoms have the same number of protons as electrons? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Because atoms have have no overall charge
What is an Ion? - CORRECT ANSWERS-An ion is a charged particle, it is possible to
get positive or negative ions
What is an Isotope? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Atoms of the same element with different
numbers of neutrons are called isotopes
What is the mass number of an element? - CORRECT ANSWERS-The mass number is
the number on the top of an element it is the number of proton and neutrons combined
What is the atomic number of an element? - CORRECT ANSWERS-The atomic number
is the number on the bottom it is number of protons in an atom, which is the same as
the number of electrons
How many electrons can you fit in the first, second and third shells? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Shell 1 : 2 electrons
Shell 2 : 8 electrons
Shell 3 : 8 electrons
What is an Electronic structure? - CORRECT ANSWERS-A set of number to show the
arrangement of electrons in their shells, eg. [2,6]
C2 The periodic table - CORRECT ANSWERS-
What did John Newlands periodic table look like? - CORRECT ANSWERS-He arranged
the elements in order of increasing atomic mass, he saw that every eighth element
reacted in a similar way
What did Dmitri Mendeleev's periodic table look like? - CORRECT ANSWERS-He
arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass, he switched the order of
