Test Bank
for Statistics for Nursing Research A Workbook for Evidence-Based Practice 3rd Edition by
Susan K. Grove, All Chapters | Complete Guide A+
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/Prose1
The questions are in bold followed by answers.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
1. In Table 1, identify the level of measurement for the current therapy variable. Provide
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
a rationale for your answer.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Answer: The current therapy variable was measured at the nominal level. These drug
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
categories were probably developed to be exhaustive for this study and included the categories
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
of drugs the subjects were receiving. However, the categories are not exclusive, since patients
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
are usually on more than one category of these drugs to manage their health problems. The
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
current therapies are not measured at the ordinal level because they cannot be rank ordered,
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
since no drug category can be considered more or less beneficial than another drug category
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
(see Figure 1-1; Grove & Gray, 2019).
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
2. What is the mode for the current therapy variable in this study? Provide a rationale
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
for your answer.
p1 p 1 p1
Answer: The mode for current therapy was β blocker. A total of 100 (94%) of the cardiac patients
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
were receiving this category of drug, which was the most common prescribed drug for
p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1
this sample.
p 1 p1
3. What statistics were conducted to describe the BMI of the cardiac patients in this
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
sample? Discuss whether these analysis techniques were appropriate or inappropriate.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Answer: BMI was described with a mean and standard deviation (SD). BMI measurement
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
resulted in ratio-level data with continuous values and an absolute zero (Stone & Frazier,
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
2017). Ratio- level data should be analyzed with parametric statistics such as the mean and SD
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
(Grove & Gray, 2017; Knapp, 2017).
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
4. Researchers used the following item to measure registered nurses’ (RNs) income in a study:
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
pWhat category identifies your current income as an RN?
1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
a. Less than $50,000 p1 p1
b. $50,000 to 59,999 p1 p1
c. $60,000 to 69,999 p1 p1
d. $70,000 to 80,000 p1 p1
e. $80,000 or greater p1 p1
What level of measurement is this income variable? Does the income variable follow the
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
rules outlined in Figure 1-1? Provide a rationale for your answer.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Answer: In this example, the income variable is measured at the ordinal level. The income
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
catego- ries are exhaustive, ranging from less than $50,000 to greater than $80,000. The
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
two open-ended
p1 p1
AG 1-1 p1
,AG 1-2 p1 Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Graded
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
categories ensure that all salary levels are covered. The categories are not exclusive, since catego-
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
ries (d) and (e) include an $80,000 salary, so study participants making $80,000 might mark
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
either (d) or (e) or both categories, resulting in erroneous data. Category (e) could be
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
changed to greater than $80,000, making the categories exclusive. The categories can be
p1 p 1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
rank ordered from the lowest salary to the highest salary, which is consistent with ordinal
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
data (Grove & Gray, 2019; Waltz et al., 2017).
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
5. What level of measurement is the CDS score? Provide a rationale for your answer.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Answer: The CDS score is at the interval level of measurement. The CDS is a 26-item
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Likert scale developed to measure depression in cardiac patients. Study participants rated
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
their symp- toms on a scale of 1 to 7, with higher numbers indicating increased severity in
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
the depression symptoms. The total scores for each subject obtained from this multi-item
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
scale are considered to be at the interval level of measurement (Gray et al., 2017; Waltz et
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
al., 2017).
p1 p1
5. Were nonparametric or parametric analysis techniques used to analyze the CDS scores
p 1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
for the cardiac patients in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Answer: Parametric statistics, such as mean and SD, were conducted to describe CDS scores
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
for study participants (see Table 1). CDS scores are interval-level data as indicated in
p 1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Questions 5, so parametric statistics are appropriate for this level of data (Gray et al., 2017;
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Kim & Mallory, 2017).
p1 p1 p1 p1
7. Is the prevalence of depression linked to the NYHA class? Discuss the clinical
p 1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
importance of this result.
p1 p1 p1 p1
Answer: The study narrative indicated that the prevalence of depression increased with the
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
greater NYHA class. In NYHA class III, 64% of the subjects were depressed, whereas 11% of the
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
subjects were depressed in NYHA class I. Thus, as the NYHA class increased, the number of sub-
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
jects with depression increased. This is an expected finding because as the NYHA class
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
increases, cardiac patients have more severe physical symptoms, which usually result in
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
emotional distress, such as depression. Nurses need to actively assess cardiac patients for
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
depression, especially those in higher NYHA classes, so they might be diagnosed and
p1 p1 p1 p 1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
treated as needed.
p1 p1 p1
8. What frequency and percent of cardiac patients in this study were not being treated
p 1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
with an antidepressant? Show your calculations and round your answer to the nearest
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
whole percent (%).
p1 p1 p1
Answer: A total of 106 cardiac patients participated in this study. The sample
p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1
included
p 1 15 patients who were receiving an antidepressant (see Table 1).
p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1
The number of cardiac patients not treated for depression was 91 (106 – 15 =
p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1
91). The group percent is calculated by the following formula: (group frequency
p1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1
÷ total sample size) × 100%. For this study, (91 patients ÷ 106 sample size)
p 1 p1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p1 p 1 p 1 p1 p 1 p 1
× 100% = 0.858 × 100% = 85.8% = 86%. The final answer is rounded to
p 1 p1 p 1 p1 p 1 p1 p 1 p1 p 1 p1 p 1 p 1 p1 p 1 p 1 p 1
the nearest whole percent as directed in the question. You could have also
p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p1
subtracted the 14% of patients treated with antidepressants from 100% and obtained the
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
86% who were not treated with an antidepressant.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
t. What was the purpose of the 5-minute walk test (5MWT)? Would the 5MWT be
p 1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
useful in clinical practice?
p1 p1 p1 p1
Answer: Ha et al. (2018) stated, ―The 6-min walk test (6MWT) is a measure of the
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
submaximal, steady-state functional capacity‖ of cardiac patients. This test would be a
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
quick, easy way to determine a cardiac patient’s functional status in a clinical
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1
setting. This functional status score could be used to determine the treatment plan
p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p1 p 1 p 1
to promote or maintain functional status of cardiac patients.
p1 p 1 p1 p 1 p 1 p1 p1 p1 p1
, https://www.stuvia.com/user/Prose1
Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Graded
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 AG 1-3p1
10. How was exercise confidence measured in this study? What was the level of
p 1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
measurement for the exercise confidence variable in this study? Provide a rationale
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
for your answer. Answer: Exercise confidence of the patients with heart failure (HF) in this
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
study was measured with the Exercise Confidence Scale that included four subscales focused
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
on walking, climbing, lifting objects of graded weight, and running (see the study narrative).
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
This was a rating scale with values ranging from 0 to 100. The patients’ scores for the Total
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Exercise Confidence scale and the subscales were considered interval-level data and
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
analyzed with parametric statistics, such as means and SDs (see the study narrative; Waltz
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
et al., 2017).
p1 p1 p1
for Statistics for Nursing Research A Workbook for Evidence-Based Practice 3rd Edition by
Susan K. Grove, All Chapters | Complete Guide A+
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/Prose1
The questions are in bold followed by answers.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
1. In Table 1, identify the level of measurement for the current therapy variable. Provide
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
a rationale for your answer.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Answer: The current therapy variable was measured at the nominal level. These drug
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
categories were probably developed to be exhaustive for this study and included the categories
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
of drugs the subjects were receiving. However, the categories are not exclusive, since patients
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
are usually on more than one category of these drugs to manage their health problems. The
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
current therapies are not measured at the ordinal level because they cannot be rank ordered,
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
since no drug category can be considered more or less beneficial than another drug category
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
(see Figure 1-1; Grove & Gray, 2019).
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
2. What is the mode for the current therapy variable in this study? Provide a rationale
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
for your answer.
p1 p 1 p1
Answer: The mode for current therapy was β blocker. A total of 100 (94%) of the cardiac patients
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
were receiving this category of drug, which was the most common prescribed drug for
p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1
this sample.
p 1 p1
3. What statistics were conducted to describe the BMI of the cardiac patients in this
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
sample? Discuss whether these analysis techniques were appropriate or inappropriate.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Answer: BMI was described with a mean and standard deviation (SD). BMI measurement
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
resulted in ratio-level data with continuous values and an absolute zero (Stone & Frazier,
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
2017). Ratio- level data should be analyzed with parametric statistics such as the mean and SD
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
(Grove & Gray, 2017; Knapp, 2017).
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
4. Researchers used the following item to measure registered nurses’ (RNs) income in a study:
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
pWhat category identifies your current income as an RN?
1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
a. Less than $50,000 p1 p1
b. $50,000 to 59,999 p1 p1
c. $60,000 to 69,999 p1 p1
d. $70,000 to 80,000 p1 p1
e. $80,000 or greater p1 p1
What level of measurement is this income variable? Does the income variable follow the
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
rules outlined in Figure 1-1? Provide a rationale for your answer.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Answer: In this example, the income variable is measured at the ordinal level. The income
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
catego- ries are exhaustive, ranging from less than $50,000 to greater than $80,000. The
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
two open-ended
p1 p1
AG 1-1 p1
,AG 1-2 p1 Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Graded
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
categories ensure that all salary levels are covered. The categories are not exclusive, since catego-
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
ries (d) and (e) include an $80,000 salary, so study participants making $80,000 might mark
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
either (d) or (e) or both categories, resulting in erroneous data. Category (e) could be
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
changed to greater than $80,000, making the categories exclusive. The categories can be
p1 p 1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
rank ordered from the lowest salary to the highest salary, which is consistent with ordinal
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
data (Grove & Gray, 2019; Waltz et al., 2017).
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
5. What level of measurement is the CDS score? Provide a rationale for your answer.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Answer: The CDS score is at the interval level of measurement. The CDS is a 26-item
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Likert scale developed to measure depression in cardiac patients. Study participants rated
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
their symp- toms on a scale of 1 to 7, with higher numbers indicating increased severity in
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
the depression symptoms. The total scores for each subject obtained from this multi-item
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
scale are considered to be at the interval level of measurement (Gray et al., 2017; Waltz et
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
al., 2017).
p1 p1
5. Were nonparametric or parametric analysis techniques used to analyze the CDS scores
p 1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
for the cardiac patients in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Answer: Parametric statistics, such as mean and SD, were conducted to describe CDS scores
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
for study participants (see Table 1). CDS scores are interval-level data as indicated in
p 1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Questions 5, so parametric statistics are appropriate for this level of data (Gray et al., 2017;
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Kim & Mallory, 2017).
p1 p1 p1 p1
7. Is the prevalence of depression linked to the NYHA class? Discuss the clinical
p 1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
importance of this result.
p1 p1 p1 p1
Answer: The study narrative indicated that the prevalence of depression increased with the
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
greater NYHA class. In NYHA class III, 64% of the subjects were depressed, whereas 11% of the
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
subjects were depressed in NYHA class I. Thus, as the NYHA class increased, the number of sub-
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
jects with depression increased. This is an expected finding because as the NYHA class
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
increases, cardiac patients have more severe physical symptoms, which usually result in
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
emotional distress, such as depression. Nurses need to actively assess cardiac patients for
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
depression, especially those in higher NYHA classes, so they might be diagnosed and
p1 p1 p1 p 1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
treated as needed.
p1 p1 p1
8. What frequency and percent of cardiac patients in this study were not being treated
p 1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
with an antidepressant? Show your calculations and round your answer to the nearest
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
whole percent (%).
p1 p1 p1
Answer: A total of 106 cardiac patients participated in this study. The sample
p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1
included
p 1 15 patients who were receiving an antidepressant (see Table 1).
p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1
The number of cardiac patients not treated for depression was 91 (106 – 15 =
p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1
91). The group percent is calculated by the following formula: (group frequency
p1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1
÷ total sample size) × 100%. For this study, (91 patients ÷ 106 sample size)
p 1 p1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p1 p 1 p 1 p1 p 1 p 1
× 100% = 0.858 × 100% = 85.8% = 86%. The final answer is rounded to
p 1 p1 p 1 p1 p 1 p1 p 1 p1 p 1 p1 p 1 p 1 p1 p 1 p 1 p 1
the nearest whole percent as directed in the question. You could have also
p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p1
subtracted the 14% of patients treated with antidepressants from 100% and obtained the
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
86% who were not treated with an antidepressant.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
t. What was the purpose of the 5-minute walk test (5MWT)? Would the 5MWT be
p 1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
useful in clinical practice?
p1 p1 p1 p1
Answer: Ha et al. (2018) stated, ―The 6-min walk test (6MWT) is a measure of the
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
submaximal, steady-state functional capacity‖ of cardiac patients. This test would be a
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
quick, easy way to determine a cardiac patient’s functional status in a clinical
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1
setting. This functional status score could be used to determine the treatment plan
p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p 1 p1 p 1 p 1
to promote or maintain functional status of cardiac patients.
p1 p 1 p1 p 1 p 1 p1 p1 p1 p1
, https://www.stuvia.com/user/Prose1
Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Graded
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 AG 1-3p1
10. How was exercise confidence measured in this study? What was the level of
p 1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
measurement for the exercise confidence variable in this study? Provide a rationale
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
for your answer. Answer: Exercise confidence of the patients with heart failure (HF) in this
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
study was measured with the Exercise Confidence Scale that included four subscales focused
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
on walking, climbing, lifting objects of graded weight, and running (see the study narrative).
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
This was a rating scale with values ranging from 0 to 100. The patients’ scores for the Total
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Exercise Confidence scale and the subscales were considered interval-level data and
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
analyzed with parametric statistics, such as means and SDs (see the study narrative; Waltz
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
et al., 2017).
p1 p1 p1
