WGU D027 Complete Course Material
Questions& Correct Answers Graded A+
What are mitochondria responsible for?
Energy production -
Mitochondria are the energy production organelles of the cell responsible for the
major metabolic processes of creating units of energy (e.g., ATP).
Which if the following can cause edema?
Increased lymphatic pressure -
Decreased vascular and lymphatic pressure does not generally result in the
movement and accumulation of fluid into extravascular spaces. Increased plasma
pressure in the vascular results in hypertension, while increased lymphatic pressure
will readily result in the pooling of lymphatic drainage into third spaces (i.e. edema).
Which of the following best describes the result of cellular reproduction?
Two diploid cells, called daughter cells, are produced -
The resultant offspring of cellular reproduction is the creation of two daughter cells
after the completion of mitosis or meiosis. Interphase is the longest period that a
cell spends its life cycle and is the preparatory stage before cellular reproduction.
Anaphase is the separation of genetic materials to the opposing centromeres of the
cell, followed by telophase.
What indicates hypokalemia?
Serum K decreases to less than 3.5 -
Normal serum potassium (K), also known as eukalemia, is generally 3.5-5.5 mEq/L,
with some variations of +/- 0.1-0.3 mEq/L depending on the laboratory testing, age,
and other potential patient-specific conditions and variations. Alterations in fluid
,WGU D027 Complete Course Material
Questions& Correct Answers Graded A+
volume or the administration of a supplement alone do not necessarily contribute to
the development of hypokalemia.
What is an example of both hyperplasia and hypertrophy?
Uterine enlargement due to pregnancy -
Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of cells of an organ or tissue, while
hypertrophy is the enlargement of the cells of a given organ or tissue without a
change in the number of cells. Muscle cells grow and enlarge (hypertrophy) in
response to increased work or stress from exercise or increased cardiovascular
pressures. When a liver is damaged or part of it is removed, it is the one internal
solid organ capable of regeneration to repair itself creating more cells (hyperplasia).
During pregnancy, the uterus must both grow to create more cells and enlarge
those existing cells in preparation for the support of a fetus.
What regulates the sodium balance?
Aldosterone -
Aldosterone is a regulatory hormone produced by the adrenal glands to affect the
kidneys' regulation of sodium, potassium, and water excretion.
What is the alteration if the extracellular fluid volume is less than normal?
Hypotonic -
In hypotonic states, the cell size is increased as a result of water moving from the
extracellular fluid (ECF) into the cell to increase intracellular fluid. Iso- or normotonic
states are a balanced state between intra- and extracellular fluid volumes.
Hypertonic states cause water to shift out of the cell to increase the ECF above
normal.
When in excess, what do buffers absorb?
,WGU D027 Complete Course Material
Questions& Correct Answers Graded A+
Hydrogen -
Excesses of acid or base, H+ or hydroxyl ion (OH−), are absorbed for the purpose of
maintaining pH homeostasis (pH of 7.38-7.42)
Which of the following would a patient with metabolic acidosis have?
pH below 7.35; Bicarbonate level below 22 mEq/L -
The diagnosis of metabolic acidosis requires that the testing of arterial blood finds
that the pH is less than 7.35 and the bicarbonate level is less than 22 mEq/L.
What is the process by which RNA directs the synthesis of polypeptides?
Translation -
Translation refers to this process. Transcription is another process in which RNA is
synthesized. Mutation means genetic material has been modified through
inheritance. Creation is a term that does not apply in this context.
What is the recurrence rate for autosomal dominant disease?
50% -
For a couple in which one or both partners are affected by the disease, the chance
of each child being heterozygous affected is 50%.
Which of the following statements is true about autosomal recessive disease?
It affects both men and women equally -
A criterion for recognizing the inheritance of an autosomal recessive disease is that
men and women will be affected by it in equal measure.
, WGU D027 Complete Course Material
Questions& Correct Answers Graded A+
What is the proportion of the population affected by a disease at the specific point
in time?
Prevalence rate -
Incidence rate refers to how many new cases there are of a disease within a period
of time divided by the number of the population's individuals. The prevalence rate is
affected by the incidence rate and how long the affected patients survive. Risk
factor is anything that could lead to disease. Relative risk is the measure of a risk
factor effect.
Which of the following should be completed when a disease is multifactorial but has
a larger genetic component?
Get a thorough family history -
Environment and lifestyle choices may influence a disease, but diseases such as
breast cancer are hereditary, so the family history should be reviewed.
Which action is the purpose of the inflammatory process?
To destroy foreign, invasive microorganisms -
The general purpose of inflammation is to initiate the destruction of foreign or
invasive organisms. As a secondary effect, it increases the healing and immune
response processes of the body.
What causes edema that occurs during the inflammatory process?
Increased vascular permeability -
Increased pressure in the vasculature secondary to the vasodilatory effects of
inflammation will result in the leakage of fluid into third spaces (i.e., edema).
Previousquestion
Questions& Correct Answers Graded A+
What are mitochondria responsible for?
Energy production -
Mitochondria are the energy production organelles of the cell responsible for the
major metabolic processes of creating units of energy (e.g., ATP).
Which if the following can cause edema?
Increased lymphatic pressure -
Decreased vascular and lymphatic pressure does not generally result in the
movement and accumulation of fluid into extravascular spaces. Increased plasma
pressure in the vascular results in hypertension, while increased lymphatic pressure
will readily result in the pooling of lymphatic drainage into third spaces (i.e. edema).
Which of the following best describes the result of cellular reproduction?
Two diploid cells, called daughter cells, are produced -
The resultant offspring of cellular reproduction is the creation of two daughter cells
after the completion of mitosis or meiosis. Interphase is the longest period that a
cell spends its life cycle and is the preparatory stage before cellular reproduction.
Anaphase is the separation of genetic materials to the opposing centromeres of the
cell, followed by telophase.
What indicates hypokalemia?
Serum K decreases to less than 3.5 -
Normal serum potassium (K), also known as eukalemia, is generally 3.5-5.5 mEq/L,
with some variations of +/- 0.1-0.3 mEq/L depending on the laboratory testing, age,
and other potential patient-specific conditions and variations. Alterations in fluid
,WGU D027 Complete Course Material
Questions& Correct Answers Graded A+
volume or the administration of a supplement alone do not necessarily contribute to
the development of hypokalemia.
What is an example of both hyperplasia and hypertrophy?
Uterine enlargement due to pregnancy -
Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of cells of an organ or tissue, while
hypertrophy is the enlargement of the cells of a given organ or tissue without a
change in the number of cells. Muscle cells grow and enlarge (hypertrophy) in
response to increased work or stress from exercise or increased cardiovascular
pressures. When a liver is damaged or part of it is removed, it is the one internal
solid organ capable of regeneration to repair itself creating more cells (hyperplasia).
During pregnancy, the uterus must both grow to create more cells and enlarge
those existing cells in preparation for the support of a fetus.
What regulates the sodium balance?
Aldosterone -
Aldosterone is a regulatory hormone produced by the adrenal glands to affect the
kidneys' regulation of sodium, potassium, and water excretion.
What is the alteration if the extracellular fluid volume is less than normal?
Hypotonic -
In hypotonic states, the cell size is increased as a result of water moving from the
extracellular fluid (ECF) into the cell to increase intracellular fluid. Iso- or normotonic
states are a balanced state between intra- and extracellular fluid volumes.
Hypertonic states cause water to shift out of the cell to increase the ECF above
normal.
When in excess, what do buffers absorb?
,WGU D027 Complete Course Material
Questions& Correct Answers Graded A+
Hydrogen -
Excesses of acid or base, H+ or hydroxyl ion (OH−), are absorbed for the purpose of
maintaining pH homeostasis (pH of 7.38-7.42)
Which of the following would a patient with metabolic acidosis have?
pH below 7.35; Bicarbonate level below 22 mEq/L -
The diagnosis of metabolic acidosis requires that the testing of arterial blood finds
that the pH is less than 7.35 and the bicarbonate level is less than 22 mEq/L.
What is the process by which RNA directs the synthesis of polypeptides?
Translation -
Translation refers to this process. Transcription is another process in which RNA is
synthesized. Mutation means genetic material has been modified through
inheritance. Creation is a term that does not apply in this context.
What is the recurrence rate for autosomal dominant disease?
50% -
For a couple in which one or both partners are affected by the disease, the chance
of each child being heterozygous affected is 50%.
Which of the following statements is true about autosomal recessive disease?
It affects both men and women equally -
A criterion for recognizing the inheritance of an autosomal recessive disease is that
men and women will be affected by it in equal measure.
, WGU D027 Complete Course Material
Questions& Correct Answers Graded A+
What is the proportion of the population affected by a disease at the specific point
in time?
Prevalence rate -
Incidence rate refers to how many new cases there are of a disease within a period
of time divided by the number of the population's individuals. The prevalence rate is
affected by the incidence rate and how long the affected patients survive. Risk
factor is anything that could lead to disease. Relative risk is the measure of a risk
factor effect.
Which of the following should be completed when a disease is multifactorial but has
a larger genetic component?
Get a thorough family history -
Environment and lifestyle choices may influence a disease, but diseases such as
breast cancer are hereditary, so the family history should be reviewed.
Which action is the purpose of the inflammatory process?
To destroy foreign, invasive microorganisms -
The general purpose of inflammation is to initiate the destruction of foreign or
invasive organisms. As a secondary effect, it increases the healing and immune
response processes of the body.
What causes edema that occurs during the inflammatory process?
Increased vascular permeability -
Increased pressure in the vasculature secondary to the vasodilatory effects of
inflammation will result in the leakage of fluid into third spaces (i.e., edema).
Previousquestion
