AAMC FL 1 || with 100% Correct Answers.
How many mmHg in 1 atm? correct answers 760 mmHg = 1 atm
Octahedral compounds have... correct answers 6 sigma bonds and NO lone pairs
Therefore the orbitals include d²sp³
In glycogen, primary bonds are .... branching bonds are ... correct answers primary bonds are a,
1-4 glycosidic bonds
branching bonds are a, 1-6 glycosidic bonds
Gamma decay occurs when a nucleus emits a ... correct answers photon
Signal sequence is ... correct answers A signal sequence functions to prompt a cell to translocate
(move) the protein usually to the cellular membrane
Transmembrane proteins enter the endomembrane system by docking at the rough ER, which is
facilitated by a signal sequence
Nuclear localization signal correct answers A nuclear localization signal permits proteins to enter
the nucleus
Chemiosmosis correct answers The movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane, down
their electrochemical gradient
An example of this would be the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the movement
of hydrogen ions across a membrane during cellular respiration or photosynthesis
What is the structure of a steroid? correct answers A steroid is defined by its fused 4 RING
structure
In what part of the kidney does the glomerular filtrate reach its highest concentration? correct
answers In the medullary portion of the collecting duct
This is after all the water is reabsorbed through aquaporins, leaving you with the most
concentrated portion of urine just before excretion
How does Na⁺ K⁺ ATPase function upon ATP hydrolysis? correct answers The Na⁺ K⁺ ATPase
transports 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell for each ATP
hydrolyzed
How do transcription factors work? correct answers Transcription factors BIND TO DNA and
subsequently recruit RNA polymerase to transcribe DNA
, What determines whether or not a compound/molecule can pass through cell membrane through
simple diffusion? correct answers Compounds and molecules can pass through the membrane by
simple diffusion if they are sufficiently PLANAR and HYDROPHOBIC
(Doesn't really matter how big the compound is, if it is hydrophobic and planar it will diffuse
through membrane)
What are lipid rafts? correct answers Lipid rafts are subdomains of the plasma membrane that
contain high concentrations of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids
Through what methods do enzymes alter the rate of chemical rxn? correct answers Co-localizing
substrates
Altering local pH
Altering substrate shape
Phosphodiester bonds (draw it out) correct answers Nucleotides are linked by phosphodiester
bonds between the sugar base of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of the adjacent
nucleotide in a way that:
5' end bears a phosphate group
3' end bears a hydroxyl group
Ribose correct answers
Deoxyribose correct answers
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) correct answers ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to
release glucocorticoids
What do glucocorticoids do?
What is the negative side effect? correct answers Glucocorticoids (such as cortisol), functions
primarily to stimulate gluconeogenesis (formation of glucose from non carbohydrate sources) in
the liver by activating DNA transcription to produce liver enzymes and by mobilizing amino
acids from muscle tissue
Glucocorticoids act on skeletal muscle, causing the breakdown of muscle proteins (thus the
negative side effect is muscle WEAKNESS)
What is gluconeogenesis?
When does gluconeogenesis occur?
Where does gluconeogenesis occur?
How many mmHg in 1 atm? correct answers 760 mmHg = 1 atm
Octahedral compounds have... correct answers 6 sigma bonds and NO lone pairs
Therefore the orbitals include d²sp³
In glycogen, primary bonds are .... branching bonds are ... correct answers primary bonds are a,
1-4 glycosidic bonds
branching bonds are a, 1-6 glycosidic bonds
Gamma decay occurs when a nucleus emits a ... correct answers photon
Signal sequence is ... correct answers A signal sequence functions to prompt a cell to translocate
(move) the protein usually to the cellular membrane
Transmembrane proteins enter the endomembrane system by docking at the rough ER, which is
facilitated by a signal sequence
Nuclear localization signal correct answers A nuclear localization signal permits proteins to enter
the nucleus
Chemiosmosis correct answers The movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane, down
their electrochemical gradient
An example of this would be the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the movement
of hydrogen ions across a membrane during cellular respiration or photosynthesis
What is the structure of a steroid? correct answers A steroid is defined by its fused 4 RING
structure
In what part of the kidney does the glomerular filtrate reach its highest concentration? correct
answers In the medullary portion of the collecting duct
This is after all the water is reabsorbed through aquaporins, leaving you with the most
concentrated portion of urine just before excretion
How does Na⁺ K⁺ ATPase function upon ATP hydrolysis? correct answers The Na⁺ K⁺ ATPase
transports 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell for each ATP
hydrolyzed
How do transcription factors work? correct answers Transcription factors BIND TO DNA and
subsequently recruit RNA polymerase to transcribe DNA
, What determines whether or not a compound/molecule can pass through cell membrane through
simple diffusion? correct answers Compounds and molecules can pass through the membrane by
simple diffusion if they are sufficiently PLANAR and HYDROPHOBIC
(Doesn't really matter how big the compound is, if it is hydrophobic and planar it will diffuse
through membrane)
What are lipid rafts? correct answers Lipid rafts are subdomains of the plasma membrane that
contain high concentrations of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids
Through what methods do enzymes alter the rate of chemical rxn? correct answers Co-localizing
substrates
Altering local pH
Altering substrate shape
Phosphodiester bonds (draw it out) correct answers Nucleotides are linked by phosphodiester
bonds between the sugar base of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of the adjacent
nucleotide in a way that:
5' end bears a phosphate group
3' end bears a hydroxyl group
Ribose correct answers
Deoxyribose correct answers
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) correct answers ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to
release glucocorticoids
What do glucocorticoids do?
What is the negative side effect? correct answers Glucocorticoids (such as cortisol), functions
primarily to stimulate gluconeogenesis (formation of glucose from non carbohydrate sources) in
the liver by activating DNA transcription to produce liver enzymes and by mobilizing amino
acids from muscle tissue
Glucocorticoids act on skeletal muscle, causing the breakdown of muscle proteins (thus the
negative side effect is muscle WEAKNESS)
What is gluconeogenesis?
When does gluconeogenesis occur?
Where does gluconeogenesis occur?
