Formulas for echocardiography
= (SV/EDV) · 100% Correct Answer-EF%
(LVEDD - LVESD / LVEDD) x 100 Correct Answer-FS %
= EDV - ESV Correct Answer-SV
= SV · HR Correct Answer-CO
CO/BSA Correct Answer-Cardiac index or CI
diameter² x 0.78540 Correct Answer-CSA
CSA₁ · VTI₁ = CSA₂ · VTI₂ Correct Answer-Continuity Equation
CSA₁ · VTI₁/VTI₂ or LVOT diameter² x 0.78540 x LVOT VTI/AV VTI
Correct Answer-AVA (or CSA₂) using the continuity equation
Cardiac Output / (Heart Rate x Systolic Ejection Period x 44.3 x √Mean
Gradient) Correct Answer-AVA using the Gorlin equation
LVOT Area x (LVOT VTI / Mitral valve VTI) Correct Answer-MVA
using the continuity equation
, 0.85 x AVA Correct Answer-MVA using the Gorlin equation
759/DT Correct Answer-MVA using MV decel time
220/PHT Correct Answer-MVA using MV pressure half-time
[ 2 x π x r2 x VA x (α/180) ] / Vmax Correct Answer-MVA using the
MR PISA
∆P = 4(v₂² - v₁²) Correct Answer-Bernoulli's Equation
∆P = 4(v₂²) Correct Answer-Simplified Bernoulli's Equation
to calculate pressure gradient (PG)
= VTI(LVOT) / VTI(AV) Correct Answer-Dimensionless severity index
(DSI)
= systolic BP - 4(max v of MR)² Correct Answer-Left atrial pressure
(LAP)
4 x (peak PFO (or ASD) velocity²) + RAP Correct Answer-LAP in the
presence of a PFO ASD
= ERO (cm²) · TVI of MR (cm) Correct Answer-Regurgitant Volume of
MR (cc)
= (SV/EDV) · 100% Correct Answer-EF%
(LVEDD - LVESD / LVEDD) x 100 Correct Answer-FS %
= EDV - ESV Correct Answer-SV
= SV · HR Correct Answer-CO
CO/BSA Correct Answer-Cardiac index or CI
diameter² x 0.78540 Correct Answer-CSA
CSA₁ · VTI₁ = CSA₂ · VTI₂ Correct Answer-Continuity Equation
CSA₁ · VTI₁/VTI₂ or LVOT diameter² x 0.78540 x LVOT VTI/AV VTI
Correct Answer-AVA (or CSA₂) using the continuity equation
Cardiac Output / (Heart Rate x Systolic Ejection Period x 44.3 x √Mean
Gradient) Correct Answer-AVA using the Gorlin equation
LVOT Area x (LVOT VTI / Mitral valve VTI) Correct Answer-MVA
using the continuity equation
, 0.85 x AVA Correct Answer-MVA using the Gorlin equation
759/DT Correct Answer-MVA using MV decel time
220/PHT Correct Answer-MVA using MV pressure half-time
[ 2 x π x r2 x VA x (α/180) ] / Vmax Correct Answer-MVA using the
MR PISA
∆P = 4(v₂² - v₁²) Correct Answer-Bernoulli's Equation
∆P = 4(v₂²) Correct Answer-Simplified Bernoulli's Equation
to calculate pressure gradient (PG)
= VTI(LVOT) / VTI(AV) Correct Answer-Dimensionless severity index
(DSI)
= systolic BP - 4(max v of MR)² Correct Answer-Left atrial pressure
(LAP)
4 x (peak PFO (or ASD) velocity²) + RAP Correct Answer-LAP in the
presence of a PFO ASD
= ERO (cm²) · TVI of MR (cm) Correct Answer-Regurgitant Volume of
MR (cc)
