Behavior Analysis and Management Question and Answers
2024 final exam
Conditioned reinforcer
A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; also
known as secondary reinforcer. Examples: money, token
Conditioned stimulus
CS; ordinarily a neutral stimulus paired with a unconditioned stimulus to achieve a desired result and
eventually produces the desired response in an organism when presented alone; in Pavlov's
experiment, the bell
Concept Formation
The process of classifying information into meaningful categories.
a complex example of stimulus control that requires both stimulus generalization within a class of
stimuli and discrimination between classes of stimuli
Continuous measurement
Measurement conducted in a manner such that all instances of the response class(es) of interest are
detected during the observation period
Dependent variable
The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent
variable
,Deprivation
Absence of reinforcer for a period of time, thereby making that event more effective as a reinforcer.
This is usually used as an establishing-operation tactic to increase the effectiveness of the reinforcer in
question, and will usually increase the rate of behavior that has been associated with that reinforcer
in the past (Source: SA)
Discriminated operant
if a behavior occurs more frequently in the presence of some antecedent stimuli than it does in its
absence that behavior is called a discriminated operant and is said to be under stimulus control
Discriminated stimulus
A stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforced and in the absence
of which the same type of responses have occurred and not been reinforced; this history of
differential reinforcement is the reason an Sd increases the momentary frequency of the behavior.
Differential Reinforcement of Alternate behavior
DRN
In this intervention, the reinforcer is given when another more appropriate behavior is used or
observed. This intervention serves to increase the appropriate behavior while decreasing the
inappropriate behavior. Functional Communication Training (FCT) is one type of DRA intervention.
DRA interventions are often used to teach replacement behaviors for challenging behaviors.
Differential reinforcement of high rates DRH
In this intervention, the reinforcer is given when the behavior occurs at a higher rate than before. This
intervention serves to increase desirable behaviors which decrease the amount of time available for
inappropriate behaviors.
, Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior DRI
In this intervention, the reinforcer is given when another behavior is used or observed. This
intervention differs from DRA because the new behavior is incompatible with the inappropriate
behavior. For example, a student will receive reinforcement for sitting appropriately. Sitting is
incompatible with running because the two cannot occur at the same time. Increasing sitting behavior
will result in a decrease in running behavior
Differential reinforcement of other behavior DRO
In this intervention, the reinforcer is given as long as the targeted inappropriate behavior does not
occur or it is given in the absence of targeted behavior. This serves to directly decrease the
inappropriate behavior.
Escape contingency
A response in which a response terminates (escapes from) an ongoing stimulus
Extinction burst
An increase in the frequency of responding when an extinction procedure is initially implemented.
the individual tries harder to obtain the reward (attention, escape, sensory stimulation) by increasing
the slapping, head banging, or rocking.
Forward chaining
- Process of breaking task into steps and following steps in order. Pt. begins with first step, then
second, and continues learning all in sequential order until he/she can perform all steps in the task
Functional Relation
2024 final exam
Conditioned reinforcer
A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; also
known as secondary reinforcer. Examples: money, token
Conditioned stimulus
CS; ordinarily a neutral stimulus paired with a unconditioned stimulus to achieve a desired result and
eventually produces the desired response in an organism when presented alone; in Pavlov's
experiment, the bell
Concept Formation
The process of classifying information into meaningful categories.
a complex example of stimulus control that requires both stimulus generalization within a class of
stimuli and discrimination between classes of stimuli
Continuous measurement
Measurement conducted in a manner such that all instances of the response class(es) of interest are
detected during the observation period
Dependent variable
The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent
variable
,Deprivation
Absence of reinforcer for a period of time, thereby making that event more effective as a reinforcer.
This is usually used as an establishing-operation tactic to increase the effectiveness of the reinforcer in
question, and will usually increase the rate of behavior that has been associated with that reinforcer
in the past (Source: SA)
Discriminated operant
if a behavior occurs more frequently in the presence of some antecedent stimuli than it does in its
absence that behavior is called a discriminated operant and is said to be under stimulus control
Discriminated stimulus
A stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforced and in the absence
of which the same type of responses have occurred and not been reinforced; this history of
differential reinforcement is the reason an Sd increases the momentary frequency of the behavior.
Differential Reinforcement of Alternate behavior
DRN
In this intervention, the reinforcer is given when another more appropriate behavior is used or
observed. This intervention serves to increase the appropriate behavior while decreasing the
inappropriate behavior. Functional Communication Training (FCT) is one type of DRA intervention.
DRA interventions are often used to teach replacement behaviors for challenging behaviors.
Differential reinforcement of high rates DRH
In this intervention, the reinforcer is given when the behavior occurs at a higher rate than before. This
intervention serves to increase desirable behaviors which decrease the amount of time available for
inappropriate behaviors.
, Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior DRI
In this intervention, the reinforcer is given when another behavior is used or observed. This
intervention differs from DRA because the new behavior is incompatible with the inappropriate
behavior. For example, a student will receive reinforcement for sitting appropriately. Sitting is
incompatible with running because the two cannot occur at the same time. Increasing sitting behavior
will result in a decrease in running behavior
Differential reinforcement of other behavior DRO
In this intervention, the reinforcer is given as long as the targeted inappropriate behavior does not
occur or it is given in the absence of targeted behavior. This serves to directly decrease the
inappropriate behavior.
Escape contingency
A response in which a response terminates (escapes from) an ongoing stimulus
Extinction burst
An increase in the frequency of responding when an extinction procedure is initially implemented.
the individual tries harder to obtain the reward (attention, escape, sensory stimulation) by increasing
the slapping, head banging, or rocking.
Forward chaining
- Process of breaking task into steps and following steps in order. Pt. begins with first step, then
second, and continues learning all in sequential order until he/she can perform all steps in the task
Functional Relation
