KADVANCED FETAL MONITORING
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION
Cat 1 - What category rules out fetal acidemia?
Severe astha, cardiac issues, and ecclampic seizures - What maternal conditions greatly impact fetal
oxygenation?
intervillous space - Where does the exchange of O2 and nutrients take place?
O2 enters the intervillous space via the maternal arteries, to the villi then the umbilical vein take the o2
blood to the fetus. The umbilical arteries take the deO2 blood from the baby through the villi and back to
the mother - How is o2 blood transferred to the fetus?
High to low concentration
Mom to fetus for O2
Low to high concentration for CO2 so baby to mom - Diffusion
Diffusion - How is O2 transferred from mom to baby
Carry O2 into intervillous space
Are maximally dilated so they can not be increased - Explain spiral arteries in placenta
Maternal conditions like pre-e and cardiac disease
Maternal hypotension
Placental changes- abruptions, infections, edema, or smaller size
Excessive uterine activity
Vasoconstriction - What are factors that can decrease uteroplacental blood flow?
, They are constricted which decreases blood flow - What happens to the spiral arteries during pre-e?
The aorta and vena cava get compressed (20 weeks) - Why does the supine position cause decreased
uteroplactenal blood flow?
Blocks the sympathetic pathway
Pooling of blood in the lower extremities decreases blood flow back to moms heart which decreases
blood flow to the fetus - Why does maternal hypotension happen after regional analgesia?
60% - What percentage is uteroplacental blood flow decreased by during cxts?
Environment to lungs to heart to vasculature to uterus to placenta to umbilical cord - Explain the
pathway for maternal- fetal exchange for fetal oxygenation (basic)
Limbs, kidneys, and descending aorta - Where is the least O2 blood in the fetus?
Umbilical vein and ductous venous - Where is the most O2 blood in the fetus?
Ductus venosus - Connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver
Shunt that allows most O2 blood to fetal heart
ductus venosus, foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus - 3 important shunts in fetal circulation
Foramen Ovale - connects the two atria in the fetal heart
Allows O2 blood to flow through the heart and directly to the brain
Ductus Arteriosus - a blood vessel in a fetus that bypasses pulmonary circulation by connecting the
pulmonary artery directly to the ascending aorta
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION
Cat 1 - What category rules out fetal acidemia?
Severe astha, cardiac issues, and ecclampic seizures - What maternal conditions greatly impact fetal
oxygenation?
intervillous space - Where does the exchange of O2 and nutrients take place?
O2 enters the intervillous space via the maternal arteries, to the villi then the umbilical vein take the o2
blood to the fetus. The umbilical arteries take the deO2 blood from the baby through the villi and back to
the mother - How is o2 blood transferred to the fetus?
High to low concentration
Mom to fetus for O2
Low to high concentration for CO2 so baby to mom - Diffusion
Diffusion - How is O2 transferred from mom to baby
Carry O2 into intervillous space
Are maximally dilated so they can not be increased - Explain spiral arteries in placenta
Maternal conditions like pre-e and cardiac disease
Maternal hypotension
Placental changes- abruptions, infections, edema, or smaller size
Excessive uterine activity
Vasoconstriction - What are factors that can decrease uteroplacental blood flow?
, They are constricted which decreases blood flow - What happens to the spiral arteries during pre-e?
The aorta and vena cava get compressed (20 weeks) - Why does the supine position cause decreased
uteroplactenal blood flow?
Blocks the sympathetic pathway
Pooling of blood in the lower extremities decreases blood flow back to moms heart which decreases
blood flow to the fetus - Why does maternal hypotension happen after regional analgesia?
60% - What percentage is uteroplacental blood flow decreased by during cxts?
Environment to lungs to heart to vasculature to uterus to placenta to umbilical cord - Explain the
pathway for maternal- fetal exchange for fetal oxygenation (basic)
Limbs, kidneys, and descending aorta - Where is the least O2 blood in the fetus?
Umbilical vein and ductous venous - Where is the most O2 blood in the fetus?
Ductus venosus - Connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver
Shunt that allows most O2 blood to fetal heart
ductus venosus, foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus - 3 important shunts in fetal circulation
Foramen Ovale - connects the two atria in the fetal heart
Allows O2 blood to flow through the heart and directly to the brain
Ductus Arteriosus - a blood vessel in a fetus that bypasses pulmonary circulation by connecting the
pulmonary artery directly to the ascending aorta
