Unit 5 Pvl's Practice Questions Guide With Well Elaborated Answers.

Election of 1824 - correct answer "corrupt bargain" and backroom deal for JQ Adams to win over Jackson Election of 1828 - correct answer Jackson defeats John Quincy Adams in this election, becoming our 7th President Andrew Jackson - correct answer The seventh President of the United States (), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers. Henry Clay - correct answer A northern American politician. He developed the American System as well as negotiated numerous compromises. John Quincy Adams - correct answer Secretary of State, He served as sixth president under Monroe. In 1819, he drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty in which Spain gave the United States Florida in exchange for the United States dropping its claims to Texas. The Monroe Doctrine was mostly Adams' work. John C. Calhoun - correct answer In 1828, he lead the fight against protective tariffs which hurt the south economically. Created the doctrine of nullification which said that a state could decide if a law was constitutional. This situation became known as the Nullification Crisis. Compromise Tariff of 1833 - correct answer A new tariff proposed by Henry Clay & John Calhoun that gradually lowered the tariff to the level of the tariff of 1816; avoided civil war & prolonged the union for another 30 years. Seminole War - correct answer conflict that began in florida in 1817 between the seminole indians and the us army when the seminoles resisted removal Dawes Act - correct answer 1887 law that distributed reservation land to individual Native American owners Panic of 1837 - correct answer When Jackson was president, many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. These banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands. Jackson issued the Specie Circular to force the payment for federal lands with gold or silver. Many state banks collapsed as a result. A panic ensued (1837). Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress. John Tyler - correct answer elected Vice President and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died , President responsible for annexation of Mexico after receiving mandate from Polk, opposed many parts of the Whig program for economic recovery Democrats - correct answer Political party lead by Andrew Jackson from 1828 to 1856. Campaigned against strong central government and fought to end elitism. Whigs - correct answer conservatives and popular with pro-Bank people and plantation owners. They mainly came from the National Republican Party, which was once largely Federalists. They took their name from the British political party that had opposed King George during the American Revolution. Their policies included support of industry, protective tariffs, and Clay's American System. They were generally upper class in origin. Included Clay and Webster Log Cabin Campaign - correct answer name given to William Henry Harrison's campaign for the presidency in 1840, from the Whigs' use of a log cabin as their symbol Age of the Common Man - correct answer Jackson's presidency was the called the Age of the Common Man. He felt that government should be run by common people - a democracy based on self-sufficient middle class with ideas formed by liberal education and a free press. All white men could now vote, and the increased voting rights allowed Jackson to be elected. Spoils System - correct answer A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends. Jacksonian Democracy - correct answer A policy of spreading more political power to more people. It was a "Common Man" theme. Tariff of 1828 - correct answer A protective tariff passed by the U.S. Congress that came to be known as the "Tariff of Abominations" to its Southern detractors because of the effects it had on the Antebellum Southern economy; it was the highest tariff in U.S. peacetime and its goal was to protect industry in the northern United States from competing European goods by increasing the prices of European products. Force Bill - correct answer gave the president power to use military force to collect tariffs if the need arose Second Great Awakening - correct answer A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans. Temprence - correct answer the use of little or no alcoholic drink normal school - correct answer a two-year school for training high school graduates as teachers Civil Disobedience - correct answer A form of political participation that reflects a conscious decision to break a law believed to be immoral and to suffer the consequences. The Exposition and Protest - correct answer document secretly written by Vice President John Calhoun in support of nullification; calling on compact theory, he argued the tariff of 1828 was unconstitutional and that South Carolina could lawfully refuse to collect it. Nullification Crisis - correct answer A sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by the Ordinance of Nullification, an attempt by the state of South Carolina to nullify a federal law - the tariff of 1828 - passed by the United States Congress. "Five Civilized Tribes" - correct answer Cherokees, Choctaws, Creeks, Chickasaws, and Seminoles; "civilized" due to their intermarriage with whites, forced out of their homelands by expansion Indian Removal Act - correct answer Passed in 1830, authorized Andrew Jackson to negotiate land-exchange treaties with tribes living east of the Mississippi. The treaties enacted under this act's provisions paved the way for the reluctant—and often forcible—emigration of tens of thousands of American Indians to the West. Worcester vs. Georgia - correct answer cherokee appealed to supreme court to stop white encroachments into cherokee nation; marshal ruled in indians favor saying that only federal govt could do that and states had no authority over tribes Trail of Tears - correct answer The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. They traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas-more than 800 miles (1,287 km)-to the Indian Territory. More than 4, 00 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey. Tariff of Abominations - correct answer Tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North and was hated by the South Abolitionist - correct answer A person who wanted to end slavery William Lloyd Garrison - correct answer United States abolitionist who published an anti-slavery journal () Harriet Beecher Stowe - correct answer Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin Frederick Douglass - correct answer Escaped slave and great black abolitionist who fought to end slavery through political action Sojourner Truth - correct answer United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery