NURS2502 - Pathophysiology Exam 2
Priorities of care in the patient with a kidney stone - CORRECT ANSWERS-Control of
infection (strain urine).
Adequate hydration
Dietary NA+ restriction
Dietary changes
Medication
Causes of struvite kidney stones - CORRECT ANSWERS-Bacteria in the urinary tract.
Subjective s/s of a kidney stone - CORRECT ANSWERS-Hematuria, abdominal flank
pain, renal colic (passing in the ureter) n/v, chills, fever
Dietary restrictions for patients with calcium oxalate kidney stones - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Proteins that increase uric acid excretion.
Excessive amounts of tea or fruit juices that elevate urinary oxalate level.
Large intake of calcium and oxalate.
Low fluid intake.
Parkland formula fluid calculation - CORRECT ANSWERS-4 ML x WT KG x %TBSA
BURNED = 24 hour fluid
24 hr requirement/2 = 1st 8 hr requirement
1st 8hr requirement/2 = 2nd & 3rd 8hr requirement
Clinical manifestations of Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis
(TEN). - CORRECT ANSWERS-Conjunctivitis, itching, tenderness, fever, cough, sore
throat, headache, and pain.
Followed by rapid onset of rash and blisters involving most of the skin and mucous
membranes.
Clinical manifestations of pityriasis rosea - CORRECT ANSWERS-Scaly rash that
sweeps outward like the branches of a pine tree.
Adverse effects of external mechanical forces that contribute to the development of
pressure ulcers. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pressure, shear, friction, moisture.
Common causes of autonomic dysreflexia - CORRECT ANSWERS-Occurs in persons
with spinal cord lesions above T6
Occurs after spinal shock has resolved and may occur years after the injury.
, Clinical manifestations of a Brown-Sequard spinal cord injury - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Loss of motor function, proprioception, and vibration sense on side of injury, loss of pain
and temperature opposite side of injury.
S/s of neurogenic shock - CORRECT ANSWERS-BP HR Cardiac Output decrease,
venous pooling, paralyzed portions of the body don't sweat.
Clinical manifestations immediately noted after complete spinal cord injury - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Loss of all motor and sensory function below the level of the injury
Bilateral external rotation of the legs
Loss of bowel and bladder function
May develop spinal or neurogenic shock
Priority nursing diagnosis for a patient with a spinal cord injury. - CORRECT
ANSWERS-ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) and mobility
HIV Viral loads - CORRECT ANSWERS-High: greater than or equal to 100,000
copies/mL
Low: greater than or equal to 10,000 copies/mL.
Undetectable = less than 500 or 50 copies/mL, depending on the test used.
Response to antiretroviral medications - CORRECT ANSWERS-Used to decrease viral
load.
Prevention of transmission of the HIV virus to the baby after birth. - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Bottle feeding instead of breastfeeding.
Role of reverse transcriptase - CORRECT ANSWERS-Assists to make a single viral
DNA and it copies itself to make a double-stranded viral DNA
Diagnostic criteria for AIDS - CORRECT ANSWERS-Screening tests detect HIV-
specific antibodies (up to 2 months before antibodies can be detected).
Progression monitored by CD4+ T cell counts.
Lab tests measuring viral activity (Assess disease progression, viral load).
Clinical manifestations of pneumonia in the elderly. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Altered
LOC and dehydration
Criteria for positive PPD test. - CORRECT ANSWERS->5: w/pt's with HIV.
>10: healthcare workers, drug users, under served population
>15: general public
anything greater than test numbers is positive (good), negative is bad.
Lab findings in the patient with pneumonia. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Elevated WBCs
Priorities of care in the patient with a kidney stone - CORRECT ANSWERS-Control of
infection (strain urine).
Adequate hydration
Dietary NA+ restriction
Dietary changes
Medication
Causes of struvite kidney stones - CORRECT ANSWERS-Bacteria in the urinary tract.
Subjective s/s of a kidney stone - CORRECT ANSWERS-Hematuria, abdominal flank
pain, renal colic (passing in the ureter) n/v, chills, fever
Dietary restrictions for patients with calcium oxalate kidney stones - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Proteins that increase uric acid excretion.
Excessive amounts of tea or fruit juices that elevate urinary oxalate level.
Large intake of calcium and oxalate.
Low fluid intake.
Parkland formula fluid calculation - CORRECT ANSWERS-4 ML x WT KG x %TBSA
BURNED = 24 hour fluid
24 hr requirement/2 = 1st 8 hr requirement
1st 8hr requirement/2 = 2nd & 3rd 8hr requirement
Clinical manifestations of Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis
(TEN). - CORRECT ANSWERS-Conjunctivitis, itching, tenderness, fever, cough, sore
throat, headache, and pain.
Followed by rapid onset of rash and blisters involving most of the skin and mucous
membranes.
Clinical manifestations of pityriasis rosea - CORRECT ANSWERS-Scaly rash that
sweeps outward like the branches of a pine tree.
Adverse effects of external mechanical forces that contribute to the development of
pressure ulcers. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pressure, shear, friction, moisture.
Common causes of autonomic dysreflexia - CORRECT ANSWERS-Occurs in persons
with spinal cord lesions above T6
Occurs after spinal shock has resolved and may occur years after the injury.
, Clinical manifestations of a Brown-Sequard spinal cord injury - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Loss of motor function, proprioception, and vibration sense on side of injury, loss of pain
and temperature opposite side of injury.
S/s of neurogenic shock - CORRECT ANSWERS-BP HR Cardiac Output decrease,
venous pooling, paralyzed portions of the body don't sweat.
Clinical manifestations immediately noted after complete spinal cord injury - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Loss of all motor and sensory function below the level of the injury
Bilateral external rotation of the legs
Loss of bowel and bladder function
May develop spinal or neurogenic shock
Priority nursing diagnosis for a patient with a spinal cord injury. - CORRECT
ANSWERS-ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) and mobility
HIV Viral loads - CORRECT ANSWERS-High: greater than or equal to 100,000
copies/mL
Low: greater than or equal to 10,000 copies/mL.
Undetectable = less than 500 or 50 copies/mL, depending on the test used.
Response to antiretroviral medications - CORRECT ANSWERS-Used to decrease viral
load.
Prevention of transmission of the HIV virus to the baby after birth. - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Bottle feeding instead of breastfeeding.
Role of reverse transcriptase - CORRECT ANSWERS-Assists to make a single viral
DNA and it copies itself to make a double-stranded viral DNA
Diagnostic criteria for AIDS - CORRECT ANSWERS-Screening tests detect HIV-
specific antibodies (up to 2 months before antibodies can be detected).
Progression monitored by CD4+ T cell counts.
Lab tests measuring viral activity (Assess disease progression, viral load).
Clinical manifestations of pneumonia in the elderly. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Altered
LOC and dehydration
Criteria for positive PPD test. - CORRECT ANSWERS->5: w/pt's with HIV.
>10: healthcare workers, drug users, under served population
>15: general public
anything greater than test numbers is positive (good), negative is bad.
Lab findings in the patient with pneumonia. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Elevated WBCs
