Saylor Academy - PHIL102 Final Study Questions with 100% Correct and Verified Answers

Saylor Academy - PHIL102 Final Study Questions with 100% Correct and Verified Answers Saylor Academy - PHIL102 Final Study Questions with 100% Correct and Verified Answers ad hominem - Answer a fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute ad ignorantiam - Answer an argument from lack of evidence Ex: Aliens don't exist because we have never seen one. Ad populum - Answer This fallacy occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do." Affirming the consequent - Answer If P then Q Q Therefore P Analogical reasoning - Answer reasoning in which a speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for the first case is also true for the second antecedent - Answer The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. argument map - Answer Visual diagram of how the premises of an argument relate to one another and to the conclusion. Aristotelian System - Answer assumes existential import, that is, it assumes that there is at least one existing member of the subject class in the categorical proposition begging the question - Answer Often called circular reasoning, it occurs when the believability of the evidence depends on the believability of the claim. biconditional - Answer a statement that contains the words "if and only if" categorical proposition - Answer A proposition that relates two classes or categories category mistake - Answer Attributing a property to something that could not possibly have that property. Ex: Comparing apples and oranges and placing apples in the "citrus" category. Causal network diagrams - Answer use arrows to show how events are causally related causation - Answer A cause and effect relationship in which one variable controls the changes in another variable. cause - Answer The reason why something happens