Questions and
Complete Solutions
Graded A+
Denning [Date] [Course title]
,opening of 20th century - Answer: -doctors were solo practitioners
-hospitals were single, independent entities, mostly non-profit
-long term care for the elderly was largely home-based
-pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturing was a small business
1847 - Answer: founding of American Medical Association (AMA)
AMA - Answer: -established standards for preliminary medical education for the degree of MD
-Code of medical ethics
-recommended use of anesthetic agents for surgery and obstetrics
-noted the dangers of secret remedies (snake oil) and patent medicines
-recommended that state governments register births, marriages, and deaths
advances that made practice of medicine more successful in treating health problems - Answer: -
improvements in surgery made during the civil war
-application to medicine of advances in bacteriology by scientists such as louis pasteur
provided the start for some of the largest names in the modern pharmaceutical industry : wyeth, pfizer,
squibb - Answer: demand for therapeutics fueled by the civil war
1861 - Answer: founding U.S. nursing corps
nursing corps - Answer: -created ambulance-to-emergency room system we know today
-established hierarchy of treatment stations to type of hospital facilities
1899 - Answer: founding of association of hospital superintendents
Association of hospital superintendents became - Answer: American hospital association (AHA)
, 1900 - Answer: adoption of the Bertillon or International List of Causes of Death
Bertillon or International List of Causes of death - Answer: -predecessor of the international
classification of diseases (ICD)
-brought some standards and criteria in the study of diseases
both public and private sectors were involved in - Answer: -providing health care coverage
-building the American health care infrastructure
1811 - Answer: access to health care for members of the military, vets, and fam had become a public
sector initiative
1910 - Answer: early forerunners of health insurance plans appeared as "prepaid" group practices
-plan members paid a monthly premium and received a wide range of medical services through
exclusive group of providers
1929 - Answer: Blue cross plans were established to provide "prepaid" hospital care to workers in the
dallas public school system
-Baylor created it
Blue Cross Blue Shield developed nationwide due to - Answer: the U.S. entering WW2 w/ caps on wages
1940s - Answer: BCBS unified
BCBS together served - Answer: 24M, 81 hospital plans 44 med plans
by 1960s BC had - Answer: 52M
by 1960s BS had - Answer: 40M