BIOL 172 UH Manoa
Blade - The leaf-like structure of Brown Algae.
Holdfast - The root-like structure of Brown Algae.
Stipe - The stem-like structure of Brown Algae.
Alginate - A material that makes up the cell wall of Brown Algae.
Alternation of Generation - Alternation between sexual and asexual phase in the life cycle of an
organism.
Photoautotroph/Photosynthetic - An organism that produces its own food via a light source.
Heterotrophic - Organisms that get food by consumption, not light.
Mixotrophic - Organisms that can use both photoautotrophic and heterotrophic means to get
food.
Primary Endosymbiosis - Origin of mitochondrion and chloroplast in cells.
Secondary Endosymbiosis - Ingestion of red and green algal cells to form several different protists.
Super Groups - The kingdom Protista is broken into four groups; somewhat remedied the flaw in
organizing the Protista kingdom. (there are Excavata, SAR (broken into three groups), and
Archaeoplastida).
Pellicle of Euglena - Instead of a cell wall, Euglena is surrounded by a pellicle (coat) of protein.
,Kineto Plastids - A group of Protists; within the group Euglenosa, which is in the Super Group
Excavata.
Alveoli - Membrane bound sacs under a plasma membrane.
"Hairy Flagellum" of Stramenopile - A flagellum with hair-like appendages; unique to the group
Stramenopile.
Heterokont - Another word for Stramenopiles.
Phytoplankton - A protist that is photosynthetic; have some plant-like characteristics.
Red Tide - An effect of an algal bloom (characteristic of Dinoflagellates)
Sporozoite - An infectious stage caused by Apiocomplexans; they are the cells released by these
organisms that infect the hosts.
Apical Complexes Organelle - The organelle that penetrates and infects host cells.
Apicoplast - A non-photosynthetic plastid.
Cilia - Appendages on the outside of a cell used for locomotion and feeding. Are often smaller
than flagella.
Macronucleus - A nucleus that functions mostly as a normal nucleus in Ciliates.
Micronucleus - A nucleus that functions in sexual and asexual reproduction in Ciliates.
, Conjugation - The process where two compatible Ciliates join together in sexual reproduction.
Hypha - A filamentous growth. In fungi, they are fragments of filamentous growth.
Absorption - A mode of nutrition in some Ciliates.
Biodiversity - Diversity found in organisms and life.
Phylogeny - Tracing evolutionary history of organisms.
Systematics - Classification of organisms according to relationships based on phylogeny.
Gamete - Two cells (egg and sperm) fuse together during fertilization.
Convergent evolution - When two distantly related organisms evolve to have similar
characteristics because of similar environmental conditions, not because they are closely related.
Oogonium - The diploid female gametogonium that gives rise to primary oocyte through
oocytogenesis.
Antheridium - The fertile organ of a male gametophyte or the male organ of a bisexual
gametophyte, in which male gametes are formed.
Kelp - Brown algae.
Zoospores - Flagellated spores found in chytrid fungi and some protists
Gametophyte - Haploid or gamete-producing phase of an organism
Blade - The leaf-like structure of Brown Algae.
Holdfast - The root-like structure of Brown Algae.
Stipe - The stem-like structure of Brown Algae.
Alginate - A material that makes up the cell wall of Brown Algae.
Alternation of Generation - Alternation between sexual and asexual phase in the life cycle of an
organism.
Photoautotroph/Photosynthetic - An organism that produces its own food via a light source.
Heterotrophic - Organisms that get food by consumption, not light.
Mixotrophic - Organisms that can use both photoautotrophic and heterotrophic means to get
food.
Primary Endosymbiosis - Origin of mitochondrion and chloroplast in cells.
Secondary Endosymbiosis - Ingestion of red and green algal cells to form several different protists.
Super Groups - The kingdom Protista is broken into four groups; somewhat remedied the flaw in
organizing the Protista kingdom. (there are Excavata, SAR (broken into three groups), and
Archaeoplastida).
Pellicle of Euglena - Instead of a cell wall, Euglena is surrounded by a pellicle (coat) of protein.
,Kineto Plastids - A group of Protists; within the group Euglenosa, which is in the Super Group
Excavata.
Alveoli - Membrane bound sacs under a plasma membrane.
"Hairy Flagellum" of Stramenopile - A flagellum with hair-like appendages; unique to the group
Stramenopile.
Heterokont - Another word for Stramenopiles.
Phytoplankton - A protist that is photosynthetic; have some plant-like characteristics.
Red Tide - An effect of an algal bloom (characteristic of Dinoflagellates)
Sporozoite - An infectious stage caused by Apiocomplexans; they are the cells released by these
organisms that infect the hosts.
Apical Complexes Organelle - The organelle that penetrates and infects host cells.
Apicoplast - A non-photosynthetic plastid.
Cilia - Appendages on the outside of a cell used for locomotion and feeding. Are often smaller
than flagella.
Macronucleus - A nucleus that functions mostly as a normal nucleus in Ciliates.
Micronucleus - A nucleus that functions in sexual and asexual reproduction in Ciliates.
, Conjugation - The process where two compatible Ciliates join together in sexual reproduction.
Hypha - A filamentous growth. In fungi, they are fragments of filamentous growth.
Absorption - A mode of nutrition in some Ciliates.
Biodiversity - Diversity found in organisms and life.
Phylogeny - Tracing evolutionary history of organisms.
Systematics - Classification of organisms according to relationships based on phylogeny.
Gamete - Two cells (egg and sperm) fuse together during fertilization.
Convergent evolution - When two distantly related organisms evolve to have similar
characteristics because of similar environmental conditions, not because they are closely related.
Oogonium - The diploid female gametogonium that gives rise to primary oocyte through
oocytogenesis.
Antheridium - The fertile organ of a male gametophyte or the male organ of a bisexual
gametophyte, in which male gametes are formed.
Kelp - Brown algae.
Zoospores - Flagellated spores found in chytrid fungi and some protists
Gametophyte - Haploid or gamete-producing phase of an organism
