NUR2474 Pharmacology-Questions with Correct Answers/Verified/
Latest Update 2024/2025
Enternal - ✔️✔️referring to a route of medication administration that uses the gastrointestinal
tract, such as swallowing a pill
Parenteral - ✔️✔️outside of intestines or alimentary canal; popularly used to refer to injection
routes
Topical - ✔️✔️applied to the surface of the skin and seems into the epidermis
trasndermal - ✔️✔️Crossing through the skin down into the bloodstream
Pharmacokinetics - ✔️✔️the study of drug movement throughout the body Phases are: Absorption,
Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimination.
Absorption - ✔️✔️The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive
system into the blood
half-life - ✔️✔️The amount of time for half of the drug to be metabolized away.
Distribution - ✔️✔️It is the transfer of a drug from one location to another within the body. Once a
drug enters into systemic circulation by absorption or direct administration, it must be distributed
into interstitial and intracellular fluids.
Metabolism - ✔️✔️Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms,
usually through specialized enzymatic systems.
Excretion - ✔️✔️Process by which metabolic wastes (drugs and drug waste products, too) are
eliminated from the body
onset - ✔️✔️The time elapsed from the administration of the drug to the start of its effects. The
amount of time it takes between the drug being administered and the drug having a beginning
therapeutic effect.
, peak level - ✔️✔️The maximum concentration of a drug in the body after administration can be
measured in a blood sample or calculated for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Duration of action - ✔️✔️The length of time the concentration of a drug in the blood or tissues is
sufficient to elicit a response. The length of time a drug will be at or above the therapeutic level.
trough level - ✔️✔️The lowest concentration of drug reached in the body after it falls from its peak
level, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring. Please note: "Draw a
trough right before the next dose."
First Pass Effect - ✔️✔️The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the
gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the bloodstream.
Pharmacodynamics - ✔️✔️Pharmacodynamics
How the drug affects the body. Can be therapeutic and/or non-therapeutic. Can be Biochemical or
Symptomatic.
agonist drug - ✔️✔️A drug that binds to a receptor and triggers a response in the cell, which often
mimics or enhances a neurotransmitter, hormone, or other intrinsic body chemical's effect.
antagonist drug - ✔️✔️A substance that blocks normal neurotransmitter functioning. Some
antagonists can block other chemicals in the body, too: hormones, etc....
drug selectivity - ✔️✔️a drug is selective if it affects only one type of cell or tissue and produces a
specific physiologic response
When is drug reconciliation completed? - ✔️✔️When a patient changes level of care or facility
Components of a prescription - ✔️✔️Name of patient, Date, Medication name, Strength of drug,
dose, form, frequency, refills, route, signature of provider
Six rights of medication administration: - ✔️✔️•Patient
•Route
•Medication
Latest Update 2024/2025
Enternal - ✔️✔️referring to a route of medication administration that uses the gastrointestinal
tract, such as swallowing a pill
Parenteral - ✔️✔️outside of intestines or alimentary canal; popularly used to refer to injection
routes
Topical - ✔️✔️applied to the surface of the skin and seems into the epidermis
trasndermal - ✔️✔️Crossing through the skin down into the bloodstream
Pharmacokinetics - ✔️✔️the study of drug movement throughout the body Phases are: Absorption,
Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimination.
Absorption - ✔️✔️The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive
system into the blood
half-life - ✔️✔️The amount of time for half of the drug to be metabolized away.
Distribution - ✔️✔️It is the transfer of a drug from one location to another within the body. Once a
drug enters into systemic circulation by absorption or direct administration, it must be distributed
into interstitial and intracellular fluids.
Metabolism - ✔️✔️Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms,
usually through specialized enzymatic systems.
Excretion - ✔️✔️Process by which metabolic wastes (drugs and drug waste products, too) are
eliminated from the body
onset - ✔️✔️The time elapsed from the administration of the drug to the start of its effects. The
amount of time it takes between the drug being administered and the drug having a beginning
therapeutic effect.
, peak level - ✔️✔️The maximum concentration of a drug in the body after administration can be
measured in a blood sample or calculated for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Duration of action - ✔️✔️The length of time the concentration of a drug in the blood or tissues is
sufficient to elicit a response. The length of time a drug will be at or above the therapeutic level.
trough level - ✔️✔️The lowest concentration of drug reached in the body after it falls from its peak
level, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring. Please note: "Draw a
trough right before the next dose."
First Pass Effect - ✔️✔️The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the
gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the bloodstream.
Pharmacodynamics - ✔️✔️Pharmacodynamics
How the drug affects the body. Can be therapeutic and/or non-therapeutic. Can be Biochemical or
Symptomatic.
agonist drug - ✔️✔️A drug that binds to a receptor and triggers a response in the cell, which often
mimics or enhances a neurotransmitter, hormone, or other intrinsic body chemical's effect.
antagonist drug - ✔️✔️A substance that blocks normal neurotransmitter functioning. Some
antagonists can block other chemicals in the body, too: hormones, etc....
drug selectivity - ✔️✔️a drug is selective if it affects only one type of cell or tissue and produces a
specific physiologic response
When is drug reconciliation completed? - ✔️✔️When a patient changes level of care or facility
Components of a prescription - ✔️✔️Name of patient, Date, Medication name, Strength of drug,
dose, form, frequency, refills, route, signature of provider
Six rights of medication administration: - ✔️✔️•Patient
•Route
•Medication
