BIO 265 Midterm 1 UH Manoa Justin Walguarney Verified Questions And Answers With Verified Updates

DNA sequences in many human genes are very similar to the sequences of corresponding genes in chimpanzees. The most likely explanation for this result is that - humans and chimpanzees share a relatively recent common ancestor If the half-life of carbon-14 is about 5730 years, then a fossil that has one-quarter the normal proportion of carbon-14 to carbon-12 should be about how many years old? - 11,460 The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a result." Which statement is most likely to be helpful in correcting this misconception about evolution? - Features acquired during an animal's life are generally not passed on through genes. All living things are composed of cells and cells are produced by other cells. These cells are semiautonomous in that they each carry a genetic blueprint, produce their own protein and other molecular building blocks and can reproduce. This is an example of a - theory Which of these conditions should completely prevent the occurrence of natural selection in a population over time? - All variation between individuals is due only to environmental factors. Given a population that contains genetic variation, what is the correct sequence of the following events, under the influence of natural selection? 1. Well-adapted individuals leave more offspring than do poorly adapted individuals. 2. A change occurs in the environment. 3. Genetic frequencies within the population change. 4. Poorly adapted individuals have decreased survivorship. - 2 → 4 → 1 → 3 How does artificial selection relate to natural selection? - Artificial selection is a form of natural selectionThe insecticide DDT was once considered a "silver bullet" that would permanently eradicate insect pests.Today, instead, DDT is largely useless against many insects. Which of these would have been required forthis pest eradication effort to be successful in the long run? - None of the individual insects possessed genomes that made them resistant to DDT. How old is the earth? - 4.6 billion years old In a healthy, properly functioning mammal, blood remains in blood vessels throughout life and is not visible. Additionally, the blood of all mammals, regardless of their eye type or lack of eyes, has a similar color The red color of blood is best described as - an incidental effect. What must be true of any organ that is described as vestigial? - It must lack or have very little current function. Most Swiss starlings produce four to five eggs in each clutch. Starlings producing fewer, or more, thanthis have reduced fitness. Which of the following terms best describes this situation? - stabilizing selection In seed cracker finches from Cameroon, small- and large-billed birds specialize in cracking soft and hard seeds, respectively. If long-term climatic change resulted in all seeds becoming hard, what type of selection would then operate on the finch population? - directional selection Charles Darwin was the first person to propose - a mechanism for evolution that was strongly supported by evidence. In Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, natural selection does what? - Leads to a change in what traits are commonly possessed by individuals in a population. Bipedalism (walking on two legs) is present in both birds and humans. This is an example of - convergent evolution If predators recognize prey by color and concentrate their hunting efforts on the most common prey types then this will impose what type of selection on prey color? - disruptive selectionOver long periods of time, many cave-dwelling organisms have lost their eyes. Tapeworms have lost their digestive systems. Whales have lost their hind limbs. How can natural selection account for these losses? - Under particular circumstances that persisted for long periods, each of these structures presented greater costs than benefits.