physio review Exam Test Questions with 100%
correct answers|Verified|Rated A+
Negative feedback loop contains (5) - ANSWER-stimulus, receptor/sensor, integrator, effector, response
Stimulus - ANSWER-any event or situation that evokes a response; input into the system
Receptor (sensor) - ANSWER-monitors environment and responds to stimuli such as blood glucose or
pH. ex: thermoreceptors, chemoreceptors, etc..
Integrator - ANSWER-receives input from many sources and controls effector tissue ex:
brain/hypothalamus
Effector - ANSWER-an organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus, normally a muscle or a gland
Response - ANSWER-a system's output
Membrane receptors of SNS division respond to which NT? - ANSWER-respond to both EPI and NE ;
include alpha 1, beta 1, and beta 2 receptors
Alpha 1 receptor location - ANSWER-found in vascular smooth muscles (walls of arteries) and in smooth
muscle sphincters
Alpha 1 receptor effect to NT - ANSWER-respond to both hormone EPI and NE; stimulatory effect that
leads to smooth muscle contraction, contraction of sphincter, vasoconstriction of arteries to increase BP
and divert blood to skeletal muscles during emergency
Beta 1 receptor location - ANSWER-cardiac muscle
Beta 1 effect - ANSWER-respond to EPI and NE to produce excitatory response that contract the heart
and increase HR, stimulate renin from kidney
, What is the effect of beta1 blocker? - ANSWER-blocks beta 1 receptor and prevents the contraction of
the heart; decrease HR.
Beta 2 receptor location - ANSWER-visceral smooth muscle of GI tract, uterus, bladder, vascular smooth
muscle in arteries of skeletal muscles
Beta 2 effect - ANSWER-respond to EPI; generally inhibitory effects such as arteriolar, bronchial, or
vasodilation caused by relaxation of smooth muscle in the walls of digestive and urinary organs.
Parasympathetic effects on various organs 'Resting and Digesting' - ANSWER-increase motility, increase
digestion, empty waste, contract bladder, slows HR
- ANSWER-
Sympathetic NS function - ANSWER-fight/flight response; prepares the body for 4E: emergency,
exertion, exercise, excitement
SNS effects - ANSWER-increase HR, BP, contraction, respiratory rate to deliver O2 to muscles; dilation of
blood vessels in skeletal muscles and heart to get more O2; increase blood sugar so the liver can break
down glycogen and release glucose; inhibits activities that are not needed during the emergency such as
digestion
How does DOPA treat parkinson's disease? - ANSWER-it is a precursor for dopamine, where neurons can
convert it in the brain.
How does cholinesterase inhibitor treat Myasthenia gravis? - ANSWER-it is an enzyme inhibitor that can
block acetylchoinesterase, AchE, which increases Ach levels in the synapse. More Dopamine → NE → Epi
How does MAO inhibitor treat depression? - ANSWER-it is an enzyme inhibitor that block monoamine
oxidase (MAO), which increases levels of Dopamine, NE, and Serotonin in the synapse.
correct answers|Verified|Rated A+
Negative feedback loop contains (5) - ANSWER-stimulus, receptor/sensor, integrator, effector, response
Stimulus - ANSWER-any event or situation that evokes a response; input into the system
Receptor (sensor) - ANSWER-monitors environment and responds to stimuli such as blood glucose or
pH. ex: thermoreceptors, chemoreceptors, etc..
Integrator - ANSWER-receives input from many sources and controls effector tissue ex:
brain/hypothalamus
Effector - ANSWER-an organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus, normally a muscle or a gland
Response - ANSWER-a system's output
Membrane receptors of SNS division respond to which NT? - ANSWER-respond to both EPI and NE ;
include alpha 1, beta 1, and beta 2 receptors
Alpha 1 receptor location - ANSWER-found in vascular smooth muscles (walls of arteries) and in smooth
muscle sphincters
Alpha 1 receptor effect to NT - ANSWER-respond to both hormone EPI and NE; stimulatory effect that
leads to smooth muscle contraction, contraction of sphincter, vasoconstriction of arteries to increase BP
and divert blood to skeletal muscles during emergency
Beta 1 receptor location - ANSWER-cardiac muscle
Beta 1 effect - ANSWER-respond to EPI and NE to produce excitatory response that contract the heart
and increase HR, stimulate renin from kidney
, What is the effect of beta1 blocker? - ANSWER-blocks beta 1 receptor and prevents the contraction of
the heart; decrease HR.
Beta 2 receptor location - ANSWER-visceral smooth muscle of GI tract, uterus, bladder, vascular smooth
muscle in arteries of skeletal muscles
Beta 2 effect - ANSWER-respond to EPI; generally inhibitory effects such as arteriolar, bronchial, or
vasodilation caused by relaxation of smooth muscle in the walls of digestive and urinary organs.
Parasympathetic effects on various organs 'Resting and Digesting' - ANSWER-increase motility, increase
digestion, empty waste, contract bladder, slows HR
- ANSWER-
Sympathetic NS function - ANSWER-fight/flight response; prepares the body for 4E: emergency,
exertion, exercise, excitement
SNS effects - ANSWER-increase HR, BP, contraction, respiratory rate to deliver O2 to muscles; dilation of
blood vessels in skeletal muscles and heart to get more O2; increase blood sugar so the liver can break
down glycogen and release glucose; inhibits activities that are not needed during the emergency such as
digestion
How does DOPA treat parkinson's disease? - ANSWER-it is a precursor for dopamine, where neurons can
convert it in the brain.
How does cholinesterase inhibitor treat Myasthenia gravis? - ANSWER-it is an enzyme inhibitor that can
block acetylchoinesterase, AchE, which increases Ach levels in the synapse. More Dopamine → NE → Epi
How does MAO inhibitor treat depression? - ANSWER-it is an enzyme inhibitor that block monoamine
oxidase (MAO), which increases levels of Dopamine, NE, and Serotonin in the synapse.
