Blood and Heart Laborda SCF Questions and Answers 100% Verified

True or False: Scanning electron microscope allows you to see the biconcave disk shape in a 3D dimension. - True Whats the advantage of having a bi concave cell for RBC's? - If we were to shove large shaped erythrocytes would end up in blocking of vessels. So it's better to have them bi concaved and STACKED. Bi-concave disk gives flexibility. They move in stacks in order to allow stopping of clotting. What type of cells stem from a pluripotent stem cell? - Myeloid and Lymphoid stem cells True or false: Leukemia is a form of leukocytosis - True What are pluripotents in the red bone marrow called? - Hemocytoblast stem cells The T and C cells stem from what? - Pluripotent to lymphoid stem cell then to T lymphoblast and B lymphoblast and finally T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte. Production of myeloid cells is completed in where? - Red bone marrow IMPORTANT: Where does production and completion happen for the lymphoid stem cells? Why? - The initial production is in red bone marrow but is completed in lymphatic tissues like the lymph nodes and your spleen. The reason why: T and B cells are used for specific defense. Only complete development when exposed to a specific invader. Development of all the formed elements is called what? - Hemopoiesis What is the production of RBC's called? - ErythropoiesisWhen does the nucleus eject its nucleus for a RBC? - before or during Reticulocyte stage Go through the process of a fully mature erythrocyte. - Pluripotent stems into a myeloid stem cell when stimulated properly with the hormone of erythropoietin and specific levels we get differentiation toward the erythrocyte process. The more erythropoietin the faster the process occurs. Which then creates the proerythroblast. 4 stages occur here. The most important protein that is being produced to allow them to do their principle job is hemoglobin. Millions and millions of hemoglobin is made about 1/3 of the cell about 300million. Reticulocyte happens (during) when nucleus is ejected as well as other organelles. The speherical cell flattens into a biconcave disk shaped cell. What molecule transports oxygen? - Hemoglobin ON TEST How many RBC's are in a microliter of blood? - 5 million (4-6 million) ON TEST How big is the average diameter of a RBC and capillaries? - 8 micrometers (um) for RBC 12-13 to 20 micrometers (um)for Capillaries What is the most numerous blood vessel? - Capillaries How many WBC are in a microliter? - 5-10 thousand How many platelets are in a microliter? - less than half a million From pluripotent to erythrocyte lasts how long? - 9-12 days reticulocyte is like 4 What cell stage does the potential RBC enter the blood at? - Reticulocyte: takes a few more days to become full erythrocyte.What would you not find in blood? (RBC stage wise) - Proerythroblasts or Myeloid stem cells. How many RBC's per second are produced and destroyed? - 2 million How many RBC's are in one drop of blood? - 250 million What can erythrocytes not do? - PRODUCE THEMSELVES What is the red pigment molecule and what does it transport? - Hemoglobin and transports oxygen. True or False: The more oxygen in the blood the more red it is. - True What gives the red color? The more iron binded the less red. - Iron What is deoxygenated blood not? - It's not blood. The light makes it look blue through the skin. Are WBC's bigger than RBC's? How can they get away with their size and the capillaries. - Yes. Their isn't many. We can get away with the size because it there aren't many. No nucleus - Enucleate Where are the RBC's produced? - Red bone marrow Is shape important to know the function of hemoglobin? - Yes Healthy Single Hemoglobin molecule - Has heme groups and globin groupsHow much hemoglobin is in the adult erythrocyte? - 1/3 close to 300 million molecules. True or False: All molecules have a specific shape. - True How many heme groups per hemoglobin? What does oxygen bind too? - There are 4 heme groups in one healthy hemoglobin molecule. Oxygen binds to Iron (Fe 2+). Iron is in center. If all 4 bonded and every heme group = oxygen percentage would be 100. What's the average oxygen level? - 97-98% How much oxygen is transported by hemoglobin? - 98% Hemoglobin is only transported in what? - Erythrocytes NEED TO KNOW 13% What 3 gases does hemoglobin transport? - oxygen, CO2 (13% of total CO2) , and nitric oxide What does not bond to iron in hemoglobin? - CO2 How is the other 87% of CO2 transported? - Most in Plasma or in the RBC as a bicarbonate (HCO3- ) What is the nitric oxides function? - it's a vasodilator (maintain size of blood vessel.) and binds to hemoglobin but not iron. How much hemoglobin does each RBC contain? - About 280 million HB molecules which occupies about 1/3 of the volume of the RBC Each Hb molecule = what? - 4 oxygen molecules bonded to Fe 2+