A pretest and post test 2024-2025 actual exam on gastrointestinal physiology with complete questions
and correct answers ( Verified answers) graded A+.
A 2-year-old boy swallows a penny. The boy's mother checks his stool for several days, but the
penny does not appear. Meanwhile, the boy has lost his appetite and seems to have difficulty
eating. When a foreign object is swallowed, it often lodges at which portion of the gut?
A. Anus
B. Duodenum
C. Ileocecal sphincter
D. Lower esophageal sphincter
E. Pharynx
F. Pyloric sphincter
G. Rectum
D. Lower esophageal sphincter
Correct answer is D
year-old marine visits a physician because of nausea, abdominal pain, and type 7 stools.
The marine had waded through rivers during combat missions that contained raw sewage from
the local population. The physician administers a proton pump inhibitor and several antibiotics,
and within a few weeks, all the symptoms go away. Which of the following best describes the
condition for which the marine was treated?
A. Excessive alcohol consumption
B. Helicobacter pylori infection
C. Posttraumatic stress syndrome
D. Psychogenic diarrhea
E. Ulcerative colitis
,B. Helicobacter pylori infections
Correct answer is B
A 24-year-old woman drinks one cup of decaffeinated coffee with no sugar or cream. Which of
the following gastrointestinal hormones is most likely to be elevated before entry of coffee into
the duodenum?
A. Cholecystokinin
B. Gastrin
C. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
D. Motilin
E. Secretin
B. Gastrin
Correct answer is B
year-old medical student consumes a cheeseburger, fries, and chocolate shake. The meal
stimulates the release of several gastrointestinal hormones. The presence of fat, carbohydrate,
or protein in the duodenum stimulates the release of which hormone from the duodenal
mucosa?
A. Cholecystokinin
B. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
C. Gastrin
D. Motilin
E. Secretin
B. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
Correct answer is B
A 36-year-old woman sustains severe damage to the conus medullaris in an automobile
,accident. Defecation requires the use of enemas. Which of the following does not occur in this
woman?
A. Contraction of rectum
B. Contraction of sigmoid colon
C. Contraction of external anal sphincter
D. Contraction of descending colon
E. Relaxation of internal anal sphincter
C. Contraction of external anal sphincter
Correct answer is C
A 40-year-old man is participating in a clinical study on glucose clearance from the blood. He
receives 25 grams of oral glucose; 1 hour later, the glucose load is completely cleared from the
blood. He then receives 25 grams of intravenous glucose; 1 hour later, the glucose load is not
cleared completely from the blood. This difference in glucose clearance following oral and
intravenous administration can be attributed to the actions of which of the following hormones?
A. Cholecystokinin
B. Gastrin
C. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
D. Motilin
E. Secretin
C. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
Correct answer is C
A 40-year-old woman comes to her primary care physician complaining of severe, episodic
abdominal pain that is particularly intense after she ingests fatty meals. An imaging procedure
reveals that her gallbladder is acutely dilated, and a diagnosis of cholelithiasis is made. A
, gallstone lodged in which location will also increase her risk of pancreatitis?
A. Left hepatic duct
B. Right hepatic duct
C. Cystic duct
D. Common bile duct
E. Sphincter of Oddi
E. Sphincter of Oddi
Correct answer is E
A 42-year-old man visits his physician because of frequent heartburn and difficulty sleeping.
Blood pressure is 122/71 mm Hg, heart rate is 78 beats/min, and body mass index is 21 kg/m2
(reference range, 19-25 kg/m2). Physical examination is unremarkable. The physician
administers a histamine H2 antagonist. The biologic action of which of the following substances
is decreased following the administration of the histamine antagonist?
A. Acetylcholine and gastrin only
B. Acetylcholine only
C. Gastrin and histamine only
D. Gastrin only
E. Histamine only
F. Histamine, acetylcholine, and histamine only
F. Histamine, acetylcholine, and histamine only
Correct answer is F
A 43-year-old medical student suffers severe damage to the conus medullaris in an accident. He
and correct answers ( Verified answers) graded A+.
A 2-year-old boy swallows a penny. The boy's mother checks his stool for several days, but the
penny does not appear. Meanwhile, the boy has lost his appetite and seems to have difficulty
eating. When a foreign object is swallowed, it often lodges at which portion of the gut?
A. Anus
B. Duodenum
C. Ileocecal sphincter
D. Lower esophageal sphincter
E. Pharynx
F. Pyloric sphincter
G. Rectum
D. Lower esophageal sphincter
Correct answer is D
year-old marine visits a physician because of nausea, abdominal pain, and type 7 stools.
The marine had waded through rivers during combat missions that contained raw sewage from
the local population. The physician administers a proton pump inhibitor and several antibiotics,
and within a few weeks, all the symptoms go away. Which of the following best describes the
condition for which the marine was treated?
A. Excessive alcohol consumption
B. Helicobacter pylori infection
C. Posttraumatic stress syndrome
D. Psychogenic diarrhea
E. Ulcerative colitis
,B. Helicobacter pylori infections
Correct answer is B
A 24-year-old woman drinks one cup of decaffeinated coffee with no sugar or cream. Which of
the following gastrointestinal hormones is most likely to be elevated before entry of coffee into
the duodenum?
A. Cholecystokinin
B. Gastrin
C. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
D. Motilin
E. Secretin
B. Gastrin
Correct answer is B
year-old medical student consumes a cheeseburger, fries, and chocolate shake. The meal
stimulates the release of several gastrointestinal hormones. The presence of fat, carbohydrate,
or protein in the duodenum stimulates the release of which hormone from the duodenal
mucosa?
A. Cholecystokinin
B. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
C. Gastrin
D. Motilin
E. Secretin
B. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
Correct answer is B
A 36-year-old woman sustains severe damage to the conus medullaris in an automobile
,accident. Defecation requires the use of enemas. Which of the following does not occur in this
woman?
A. Contraction of rectum
B. Contraction of sigmoid colon
C. Contraction of external anal sphincter
D. Contraction of descending colon
E. Relaxation of internal anal sphincter
C. Contraction of external anal sphincter
Correct answer is C
A 40-year-old man is participating in a clinical study on glucose clearance from the blood. He
receives 25 grams of oral glucose; 1 hour later, the glucose load is completely cleared from the
blood. He then receives 25 grams of intravenous glucose; 1 hour later, the glucose load is not
cleared completely from the blood. This difference in glucose clearance following oral and
intravenous administration can be attributed to the actions of which of the following hormones?
A. Cholecystokinin
B. Gastrin
C. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
D. Motilin
E. Secretin
C. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
Correct answer is C
A 40-year-old woman comes to her primary care physician complaining of severe, episodic
abdominal pain that is particularly intense after she ingests fatty meals. An imaging procedure
reveals that her gallbladder is acutely dilated, and a diagnosis of cholelithiasis is made. A
, gallstone lodged in which location will also increase her risk of pancreatitis?
A. Left hepatic duct
B. Right hepatic duct
C. Cystic duct
D. Common bile duct
E. Sphincter of Oddi
E. Sphincter of Oddi
Correct answer is E
A 42-year-old man visits his physician because of frequent heartburn and difficulty sleeping.
Blood pressure is 122/71 mm Hg, heart rate is 78 beats/min, and body mass index is 21 kg/m2
(reference range, 19-25 kg/m2). Physical examination is unremarkable. The physician
administers a histamine H2 antagonist. The biologic action of which of the following substances
is decreased following the administration of the histamine antagonist?
A. Acetylcholine and gastrin only
B. Acetylcholine only
C. Gastrin and histamine only
D. Gastrin only
E. Histamine only
F. Histamine, acetylcholine, and histamine only
F. Histamine, acetylcholine, and histamine only
Correct answer is F
A 43-year-old medical student suffers severe damage to the conus medullaris in an accident. He
