BIO 669 Endocrine Disorders Questions And Answers
With Verified Solutions 100% Correct Latest Update
2024/2025.
A decrease in hypothalamic function will actually lead to an increase in what hormone? -
ANSWER Prolactin
SIADH Diagnosis Criteria - ANSWER Normal adrenal and thyroid function must be present in
order for a pt. to be diagnosed with SIADH
SIADH Clinical Manifestations - ANSWER Dyspnea upon exertion
Wt. gain (but NO peripheral edema)
Confusion
Muscle twitching
*Symptoms associated with decreasing levels of Na+
Diabetes Insipidus Manifestations - ANSWER Polyuria
Polydipsia
Diluted urine
Sheehan Syndrome - ANSWER Infarct of the pituitary following postpartum period
Panhypopituitarism - ANSWER Deficiency of all pituitary hormones including: ACTH, TSH, FSH,
LH, and GH
What is a common cause of hyperpituitarism? - ANSWER A benign, slow-growing pituitary
adenoma
Hyperpituitarism Manifestations - ANSWER Headache and fatigue
Visual changes
Hyposecretion of neighboring pituitary hormones
Acromegaly - ANSWER Hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary after
puberty, leading to enlargement of extremities
Bones become thicker and wider
Giantism - ANSWER A condition of overgrowth due to hyperpituitarism (increased GH)
occurring before puberty and during the growing years
, Hypersecretion of Prolactin Manifestations in Females: - ANSWER Amenorrhea
Galactorrhea
Hirsutism
Osteopenia
*In males, increased levels of prolactin causes hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction
Thyrotoxicosis: - ANSWER Increase in HR, BP, and metabolism
Graves Disease Manifestations (Hyperthyroidism): - ANSWER Pretibial myxedema: thickness
in skin, non-pitting edema in shin area
Exophthalmos (increase in pressure within the eye cavity)
Hyperthyroidism Causes: - ANSWER Caused by antibodies that act like TSH
*Antibodies bind to thyroid which causes an increase in T3 and T4 which feedbacks to the
hypothalamus to decrease TSH from the anterior pituitary - yet you still have rising T4 and T3 levels
Hyperthyroidism Labs: - ANSWER Increased TH
Increased T4 and T3
Decreased TSH
What can help differentiate the causes of hyperthyroidism? - ANSWER A radioactive iodine
scan
Hypothyroidism
Hashimoto's Disease - ANSWER AKA Autoimmune Thyroiditis
Caused by autoimmune antibodies attacking the thyroid and leading to inflammation and destruction
of the gland
Hypothyroidism
Myxedema Coma - ANSWER Increase of fluid within the face and around the eyes leading to a
decrease in activity
*Very severe case of hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism Symptoms: - ANSWER Periorbital edema
Puffy face
With Verified Solutions 100% Correct Latest Update
2024/2025.
A decrease in hypothalamic function will actually lead to an increase in what hormone? -
ANSWER Prolactin
SIADH Diagnosis Criteria - ANSWER Normal adrenal and thyroid function must be present in
order for a pt. to be diagnosed with SIADH
SIADH Clinical Manifestations - ANSWER Dyspnea upon exertion
Wt. gain (but NO peripheral edema)
Confusion
Muscle twitching
*Symptoms associated with decreasing levels of Na+
Diabetes Insipidus Manifestations - ANSWER Polyuria
Polydipsia
Diluted urine
Sheehan Syndrome - ANSWER Infarct of the pituitary following postpartum period
Panhypopituitarism - ANSWER Deficiency of all pituitary hormones including: ACTH, TSH, FSH,
LH, and GH
What is a common cause of hyperpituitarism? - ANSWER A benign, slow-growing pituitary
adenoma
Hyperpituitarism Manifestations - ANSWER Headache and fatigue
Visual changes
Hyposecretion of neighboring pituitary hormones
Acromegaly - ANSWER Hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary after
puberty, leading to enlargement of extremities
Bones become thicker and wider
Giantism - ANSWER A condition of overgrowth due to hyperpituitarism (increased GH)
occurring before puberty and during the growing years
, Hypersecretion of Prolactin Manifestations in Females: - ANSWER Amenorrhea
Galactorrhea
Hirsutism
Osteopenia
*In males, increased levels of prolactin causes hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction
Thyrotoxicosis: - ANSWER Increase in HR, BP, and metabolism
Graves Disease Manifestations (Hyperthyroidism): - ANSWER Pretibial myxedema: thickness
in skin, non-pitting edema in shin area
Exophthalmos (increase in pressure within the eye cavity)
Hyperthyroidism Causes: - ANSWER Caused by antibodies that act like TSH
*Antibodies bind to thyroid which causes an increase in T3 and T4 which feedbacks to the
hypothalamus to decrease TSH from the anterior pituitary - yet you still have rising T4 and T3 levels
Hyperthyroidism Labs: - ANSWER Increased TH
Increased T4 and T3
Decreased TSH
What can help differentiate the causes of hyperthyroidism? - ANSWER A radioactive iodine
scan
Hypothyroidism
Hashimoto's Disease - ANSWER AKA Autoimmune Thyroiditis
Caused by autoimmune antibodies attacking the thyroid and leading to inflammation and destruction
of the gland
Hypothyroidism
Myxedema Coma - ANSWER Increase of fluid within the face and around the eyes leading to a
decrease in activity
*Very severe case of hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism Symptoms: - ANSWER Periorbital edema
Puffy face
