NURS 2101 REVISION EXAM 2024-2025
What is the function of kidneys - ANSWER Maintain homeostasis, excrete and
filter waste, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, secrete renin and erythropoietin.
Define AKI - ANSWER Is a sudden decline in kidney functioning occurring over
hours to days, failing to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis.
What is examples of Pre-renal AKI - ANSWER hypovolaemia, hemorrhage, loss of
plasma, water and electrolyte loss, hypotension, hypoperfusion, septic shock,
cardiac failure, stenosis of renal artery
What is examples of Intra-renal AKI - ANSWER ATN (ischaemic or nephrotoxic),
acute glomerulonephritis, acute interstitial necrosis(tumors or toxins).
What is examples of Post-renal AKI - ANSWER Obstruction of the urethra or
ureters, bladder neck obstruction( enlarged prostate), neurogenic bladder.
The Phases of AKI - ANSWER Oliguric, diuretic, recovery
Who is at risk of AKI? - ANSWER You're aged 65 or over. you already have a
kidney problem, such as chronic kidney disease. you have a long-term disease, such
as heart failure, liver disease or diabetes.
What is Acute on chronic kidney disease - ANSWER A patient with a known
history of chronic kidney disease suffers from an exacerbation of acute kidney
disease.
What are AKI symptoms - ANSWER Oliguria, Anuria, Azotaemia, Malaise,
Weight loss, odema, shortness of breath, confusion, nausea, chest pain.
Define CKD - ANSWER Is defined as the occurrence of kidney damage or
decrease kidney function for a period of three or more months
What are the Stages of CKD - ANSWER 1 GFR >90
2 GFR 60-89
, 3 GFR 30-59
4 GFR 15-29
5 GFR <15
Who is at risk for CKD - ANSWER A patient with Nephritis, hypertension,
diabetes, family history of kidney disease, smoker, over 60, obese or identify as an
Aboriginal/torres straight islander.
Define Azotaemia - ANSWER increase in nitrogenous waste in the blood
Define Uraemia - ANSWER The presence of excessive amounts of urea and other
nitrogenous waste compounds in the blood, due to failure of the kidneys to excrete
them.
Body fluid composition is made up of - ANSWER Solvents and Solutes
Define Electrolyte - ANSWER An inorganic substance that is dissolved in solution
and molecules split or dissociate into electrically charged atoms or ions.
Define non-electrolyte - ANSWER An organic compound that does not conduct an
electric current in aqueous solution or in the molten state.
what is the osmotic equilibrium - ANSWER 300mOsOsm/kg water
Define Osmolarity - ANSWER total concentration of all solute particles in a
solution
What is the daily fluid balance (input+output) - ANSWER Two thousand five
hundred milliliters
Body fluids are regulated by - ANSWER Osmotic and Hydro-static pressure
What is the function of kidneys - ANSWER Maintain homeostasis, excrete and
filter waste, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, secrete renin and erythropoietin.
Define AKI - ANSWER Is a sudden decline in kidney functioning occurring over
hours to days, failing to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis.
What is examples of Pre-renal AKI - ANSWER hypovolaemia, hemorrhage, loss of
plasma, water and electrolyte loss, hypotension, hypoperfusion, septic shock,
cardiac failure, stenosis of renal artery
What is examples of Intra-renal AKI - ANSWER ATN (ischaemic or nephrotoxic),
acute glomerulonephritis, acute interstitial necrosis(tumors or toxins).
What is examples of Post-renal AKI - ANSWER Obstruction of the urethra or
ureters, bladder neck obstruction( enlarged prostate), neurogenic bladder.
The Phases of AKI - ANSWER Oliguric, diuretic, recovery
Who is at risk of AKI? - ANSWER You're aged 65 or over. you already have a
kidney problem, such as chronic kidney disease. you have a long-term disease, such
as heart failure, liver disease or diabetes.
What is Acute on chronic kidney disease - ANSWER A patient with a known
history of chronic kidney disease suffers from an exacerbation of acute kidney
disease.
What are AKI symptoms - ANSWER Oliguria, Anuria, Azotaemia, Malaise,
Weight loss, odema, shortness of breath, confusion, nausea, chest pain.
Define CKD - ANSWER Is defined as the occurrence of kidney damage or
decrease kidney function for a period of three or more months
What are the Stages of CKD - ANSWER 1 GFR >90
2 GFR 60-89
, 3 GFR 30-59
4 GFR 15-29
5 GFR <15
Who is at risk for CKD - ANSWER A patient with Nephritis, hypertension,
diabetes, family history of kidney disease, smoker, over 60, obese or identify as an
Aboriginal/torres straight islander.
Define Azotaemia - ANSWER increase in nitrogenous waste in the blood
Define Uraemia - ANSWER The presence of excessive amounts of urea and other
nitrogenous waste compounds in the blood, due to failure of the kidneys to excrete
them.
Body fluid composition is made up of - ANSWER Solvents and Solutes
Define Electrolyte - ANSWER An inorganic substance that is dissolved in solution
and molecules split or dissociate into electrically charged atoms or ions.
Define non-electrolyte - ANSWER An organic compound that does not conduct an
electric current in aqueous solution or in the molten state.
what is the osmotic equilibrium - ANSWER 300mOsOsm/kg water
Define Osmolarity - ANSWER total concentration of all solute particles in a
solution
What is the daily fluid balance (input+output) - ANSWER Two thousand five
hundred milliliters
Body fluids are regulated by - ANSWER Osmotic and Hydro-static pressure
