Fundamentals of Nursing Chapter 10 Terms in this set (48) A client with diarrhea also has a primary care provider's order for a bulk laxative daily. The nurse, not realizing that bulk laxatives can help solidify certain types of diarrhea, concludes,

Fundamentals of Nursing Chapter 10 Terms in this set (48) A client with diarrhea also has a primary care provider's order for a bulk laxative daily. The nurse, not realizing that bulk laxatives can help solidify certain types of diarrhea, concludes, "The primary care provider does not know the client has diarrhea." This statement is an example of: A: A fact B: An inference C: A judgment D: An opinion B: An inference A client reports feeling hungry, but does not eat when food is served. Using critical thinking skills, the nurse should perform which of the following? A: Assess why the client is not ingesting the food provided B: Continue to leave the food at the bedside until the client is hungry enough to eat C: Notify the primary care provider that tube feeding may be indicated soon D: Believe the client is not really hungry A: Assess why the client is not ingesting the food provided One nurse expresses that the manager prepared the holiday work schedule unfairly. The manager states that it is the same type of schedule used in the past and other nurses have no problem with it. Which response indicates the nurse is displaying an attitude of critical thinking? A: Accepting the preferences of the other nurses since there are several of them B: Recognizing that the nurse must have reached a false conclusion C: Considering going to a higher authority than the manager for an explanation D: Continuing to query the manager until the nurse understands the explanation D: Continuing to query the manager until the nurse understands the explanation The client who is short of breath benefits from the head of the bed being elevated. Because this position can result in skin breakdown in the sacral area, the nurse decides to study the amount of sacral pressure occurring in other positions. This decision is an example of: A: The research method B: The trial-and-error method C: Intuition D: The nursing process A: The research method In the decision-making process, the nurse sets and weights the criteria, examines alternatives, and performs which of the following before implementing the plan? A: Reexamines the purpose for making the decision B: Consults the client and family members to determine their view of the criteria C: Identifies and considers various means for reaching the outcomes D: Determines the logical course of action should intervening problems arise D: Determines the logical course of action should intervening problems arise The nurse is concerned about a client who begins to breathe very rapidly. Which action by the nurse reflects critical thinking? A: Notify the primary care provider B: Obtain vital signs and oxygen saturation C: Request a chest x-ray D: Call the rapid response team B: Obtain vital signs and oxygen saturation The nurse is teaching a client about wound care during a follow-up visit in the client's home. Which critical thinking attitude causes the nurse to reconsider the plan and supports evidence-based practice when the client states, "I just don't know how I can afford these dressings"? A: Integrity B: Intellectual humility C: Confidence D: Independence A: Integrity When the nurse considers that a client is from a developing country and may have a positive tuberculosis test due to a prior vaccination, which critical thinking attitude and skill is the nurse practicing? A: Creating environments that support critical thinking B: Tolerating dissonance and ambiguity C: Self-assessment D: Seeking situations where good thinking is practiced A: Creating environments that support critical thinking A client in a cardiac rehabilitation program says to the nurse, "I have to eat a low-sodium diet for the rest of my life, and I hate it!" Which is the most appropriate response by the nurse? A: "I will get a dietary consult to talk to you before next week." B: "What do you think is so difficult about following a low-sodium diet?" C: "At least you survived a heart attack and are able to return to work." D: "You may not need to follow a low- sodium diet for as long as you think." B: "What do you think is so difficult about following a low-sodium diet?" Which reasoning process describes the nurse's actions when the nurse evaluates possible solutions for care of an infected wound for optimal client outcomes? A: Intuition B: Research Process C: Trial and Error D: Problem Solving B: Problem Solving Define "Confidence" Assurance of one's reasoning abilities Define "Contextual perspective" Considerate of the whole situation including relationships, background and environment, and relevant to some happening Fundamentals of Nursing Chapter 10 Define "Creativity" Intellectual inventiveness used to generate, discover, or restructure ideas; imagining alternatives Define "Flexibility" Capacity to adapt, accomodate, modify or change thoughts, ideas, and behaviors Define "Inquisitiveness" An eagerness to know by seeking knowledge and understanding through observation and thoughtful questioning in order to explore possibilities and alternatives Define "Intellectual Integrity" Seeking the truth through sincere, honest processes, even if the results are contrary to one's assumptions and beliefs Define "Intuition" Insightful sense of knowing without conscious use of reason Define "Open-mindedness" A viewpoint characterized by being receptive to divergent views and sensitive to one's biases Define "Perseverance" Pursuit of a course with determination to overcome obstacles Define "Reflection" Contemplation upon a subject, especially one's assumptions and thinking for the purposes of deeper understanding and self-evaluation Define "Facts" Can be verified through investigation (example: Blood pressure is affected by blood volume.) Define "Inferences" Conclusions drawn from the facts, going beyond facts to make a statement about something not currently known (example: If blood volume is decreased [e.g., in hemorrhagic shock], the blood pressure will drop.) Define "Judgments" Evaluation of facts or information that reflect values or other criteria; a type of opinion (example: It is harmful to the client's health if the blood pressure drops too low. Define "Opinions" Beliefs formed over time; include judgments that may fit facts or be in error (example: Nursing intervention can assist in maintaining the client's blood pressure within normal limits.) Attitudes that Foster Critical Thinking: What is "Independence"? Individuals think for themselves. Critical thinkers examine their beliefs in the light of new evidence. Attitudes that Foster Critical Thinking: What is "Fair-Mindedness"? Individuals assess all viewpoints with the same standards and do not base their judgments on personal or group bias or prejudice. It helps one to consider opposing points of view and try to understand new ideas fully before rejected or accepting them. Attitudes that Foster Critical Thinking: What is "Insight"? Individuals are open to the possibility that their personal biases or social pressures and customs could unduly affect their thinking. They actively try to examine their own biases and bring them to awareness each time they think or make a decision. Attitudes that Foster Critical Thinking: What is "Intellectual Humility"? Individuals have an awareness of the limits of their own knowledge. Critical thinkers are willing to admit what they do not know; they are willing to seek new information and rethink their conclusions in light of new knowledge. Attitudes that Foster Critical Thinking: What is "Intellectual Courage"? Individuals are willing to consider and examine fairly his or her own ideas or views, especially those to which they may have a strongly negative reaction. This type of courage comes from recognizing that beliefs are sometimes false or Fundamentals of Nursing Chapter 10 Attitudes that Foster Critical Thinking: What is "Integrity"? Individuals apply the same rigorous standards of proof to their own knowledge and beliefs as they apply to the knowledge and beliefs of others. Critical thinkers question their own knowledge and beliefs as quickly and thoroughly as they challenge those of another. They are readily able to admit and evaluate inconsistencies within their own beliefs and between their own beliefs and those of another. Attitudes that Foster Critical Thinking: What is "Perseverance"? Individuals show perseverance in finding effective solutions to client and nursing problems. This determination enables them to clarify concept and sort out related issues, in spite of difficulties and frustrations Critical thinkers resist the temptation to find a quick and easy answer even though confusion and frustration are uncomfortable. Important questions tend to be complex and confusing and therefore often require a great deal of thought and research to arrive at an answer. Attitudes that Foster Critical Thinking: What is "Confidence"? Individuals believe that well-reasoned thinking will lead to trustworthy conclusions. Therefore, they cultivate an attitude of confidence in the reasoning process and examine emotion-laden arguments using the standards for evaluating thought, by asking questions. Attitudes that Foster Critical Thinking: What is "Curiosity"? Individuals mind is filled with questions. The curious nurse may value tradition but is not afraid to examine traditions to be sure they are still valid. example: Why do we believe this? What causes that? Does it have to be this way? Could something else work? What would happen if we did it another way? Who says that is so? The student nurse undestands that groups are most effective when they: A: Apply critical thinking skills B: Follow practices used in the past C: Support personal biases D: Encourage conformity A: Apply critical thinking skills Critical thinking is best demonstrated by the student nurse who: A: Prepares for clinical by making a trial run to the facility B: Avoids conflict with others, especially clients C: Speaks in a well-modulated voice D: Wears tasteful jewelry A: Prepares for clinical by making a trial run to the facility Questions that nurses use in critical analysis include: (select all that apply) A: "What could you assume instead?" B: "Is this question important?" C: "Why would you think that?" D: "What evidence do you have for that?" E: "Can you see this any other way?" A: "What could you assume instead?" B: "Is this question important?" D: "What evidence do you have for that?" E: "Can you see this any other way?" Fundamentals of Nursing Chapter 10 A coworker asserts: "Men always seem to exaggerate pain." The nurse who is thinking critically might ask: A: "How many male clients have you cared for?" B: "Where did you read that?" C: "What evidence do you have for that?" D: "Who told you that?" C: "What evidence do you have for that?" A nurse assesses a client who reports his pain as a 2 on a scale of 1 to 10. The client refuses any medicine for the pain; however, the nurse observes he is grimacing and is holding his abdomen tightly. His blood pressure and pulse are elevated and his wife has stated, "He needs help." The nurse's next best action is to: A: Leave the room and let him rest B: Call the physician to exmaine the client immediately C: Give him the medicine for pain even though he does not want it D: Assess cultural health care beliefs about pain D: Assess cultural health care beliefs about pain The instructor reviews the student's plan of care with the student and determines that additional preparation is needed because the plan included: A: Collaboration with a physical therapist, dietitian, and discharge planner B: A focus on knowledge deficits related to prescribed antibiotic treatment C: A review of implications of culture and values in order to promote health D: A discussion of ongoing needsand plans for home care B: A focus on knowledge deficits related to prescribed antibiotic treatment The nurse prioritizes care based on: A: Maslow's hierachy B: Input from the nursing assistance C: Medical diagnosis D: Direction from the physician A: Maslow's hierachy The nurse makes a decision by performing the following steps in what order? A: Seek and examine alternatives B: Set and weight the criteria C: Evaluate the outcome D: Project E: Implement F: Identify the purpose B: Set and weight the criteria A: Seek and examine alternatives D: Project E: Implement C: Evaluate the outcome Fundamentals of Nursing Chapter 10 When using intuition, the nurse: A: Does not need to rely on clinical findings B: Utilizes the research process C: Uses a number of approaches until a solution is found D: Must have an appropriate knowledge base D: Must have an appropriate knowledge base The nurse who is caring for a client with copious, frank red bleeding in the emergency department following a gunshot, determines that the client is at risk for hypovolemia and may go into shock if fluids and blood are not replaced. This is an example of: A: Assumptions B: Creativity C: Deductive reasoning D: Inductive reasoning D: Inductive reasoning A quality of the nurse as a critical thinker includes: A: Conforming to the status quo B: Eliminating inconsistencies C: Accepting the opinions of others D: Questioning one's own knowledge and beliefs D: Questioning one's own knowledge and beliefs The nurse understands that one way to continue the process of developing critical thinking skills is to: A: Listen with skepticism to those who express opposing views to one's own B: Attend continuing education programs C: Establish universal protocols that apply to every client D: Defer to a more experienced nurse to make clinical decisions B: Attend continuing education programs Fundamentals of Nursing Chapter 10 Which of the following is an example of a skill the nurse needs for critical thinking? A: The client's signs and symptoms are interpreted to develop a nursing diagnosis B: The nurse reads the last 24 hours of the client's chart C: The health care worker follows a protocol step-by-step D: Instructions are given to an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) E: The nurse determines what lab values are within normal range A: The client's signs and symptoms are interpreted to develop a nursing diagnosis B: The nurse reads the last 24 hours of the client's chart D: Instructions are given to an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) The nurse who sits with the confused client to ensure the client's safety is demonstrating what type of decision making? A: Maslow's hierarchy B: Trial and Error C: Intuition D: Delegation A: Maslow's hierarchy The nursing students discuss aspects of critical thinking that will contribute to their clinical success as including: A: Treating classmates with respect B: Using clinical reasoning to analyze what will, or may, happen if actions are carried out as planned C: Doing what peers do D: Practicing skills E: Demonstrating responsibility B: Using clinical reasoning to analyze what will, or may, happen if actions are carried out as planned D: Practicing skills E: Demonstrating responsibility