Exam 3: BIOS 255 / BIOS255 (2024/ 2025 Update)
Anatomy and Physiology III Complete Guide | 100%
Correct| Grade A -Chamberlain
Functions of the Respiratory System
-Gas exchange
-Communication
-Olfaction
-Acid-Base balance
-Blood pressure regulation
-Blood and lymph flow
-Platelet production
-Blood filtration
-Expulsion of abdominal contents
Describe high compliance as it relates to healthy functions.
-ease with which the lungs and thoracic wall can be expanded
High compliance= easy expansion
Low compliance= resisted expansion
Describe IRDS ( Infant respiratory distress syndrome) and describe the interventions that would be used
to help a newborn premature baby suffering from IRDS.
-leading cause of death in premature infants resulting from lack of surfactant production in alveoli
-treated with artificial surfactant until they can make their own
Define antigens, epitopes and antibodies.
antigens: large molecule capable of binding to an antibody or immune cells and triggering an immune
response
epitopes: certain regions of an antigen molecule that stimulate immune responses
antibodies: reacts with an antigen and aids in protecting the body from its harmful effects
Identify the PO2 measurements at the end of a normal inhalation ( breathing through the nose ) in each
of the following:
Respiratory bronchiole
Alveolus
Nasal cavity
Trachea
Bronchus
, Respiratory bronchiole: 104mm Hg
Alveolus: 104mm Hg
Nasal cavity: atmospheric @ 159mm Hg
Trachea: 104mm Hg
Bronchus: 104mm Hg
Describe the movement of O2 and CO2 in external and internal respirations and define
internal: exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue cells; blood loses O2 and
gains CO2
external: exchange of gases between the alveoli of the lungs and the blood in pulmonary capillaries
across the respiratory membrane; pulmonary capillary blood gains O2 and loses CO2.
Pulmonary Ventilation
-breathing
-Inspiration (inhaling) & Expiration (exhaling) of air and involves the exchange of air between the
atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs
Cellular Respiration
Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of
oxygen
Effects of Temperature and pH on Oxygen dissociation curves (Figure 22.26 (a) Figure 22.26(b))
Macrophages
-Phagocytize tissue debris, dead neutrophils, bacteria, and other foreign matter
-Process foreign matter and display antigenic fragments to certain T cells alerting immune system to the
presence of the enemy
T lymphocytes
directly attack and destroy diseased or foreign cells, and the immune system remembers the antigens of
those invaders and prevents them from causing disease in the future
Natural killer cells
large lymphocytes that attack and destroy bacteria, transplanted tissue, host cells infected with viruses
or that have turned cancerous
B lymphocytes
-produce humoral immunity
-Activated B cells develop into plasma cells
-Plasma cells secrete antibodies into the blood
-Circulating antibodies produce humoral immunity
-directly attack pathogens
Eosinophils
Anatomy and Physiology III Complete Guide | 100%
Correct| Grade A -Chamberlain
Functions of the Respiratory System
-Gas exchange
-Communication
-Olfaction
-Acid-Base balance
-Blood pressure regulation
-Blood and lymph flow
-Platelet production
-Blood filtration
-Expulsion of abdominal contents
Describe high compliance as it relates to healthy functions.
-ease with which the lungs and thoracic wall can be expanded
High compliance= easy expansion
Low compliance= resisted expansion
Describe IRDS ( Infant respiratory distress syndrome) and describe the interventions that would be used
to help a newborn premature baby suffering from IRDS.
-leading cause of death in premature infants resulting from lack of surfactant production in alveoli
-treated with artificial surfactant until they can make their own
Define antigens, epitopes and antibodies.
antigens: large molecule capable of binding to an antibody or immune cells and triggering an immune
response
epitopes: certain regions of an antigen molecule that stimulate immune responses
antibodies: reacts with an antigen and aids in protecting the body from its harmful effects
Identify the PO2 measurements at the end of a normal inhalation ( breathing through the nose ) in each
of the following:
Respiratory bronchiole
Alveolus
Nasal cavity
Trachea
Bronchus
, Respiratory bronchiole: 104mm Hg
Alveolus: 104mm Hg
Nasal cavity: atmospheric @ 159mm Hg
Trachea: 104mm Hg
Bronchus: 104mm Hg
Describe the movement of O2 and CO2 in external and internal respirations and define
internal: exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue cells; blood loses O2 and
gains CO2
external: exchange of gases between the alveoli of the lungs and the blood in pulmonary capillaries
across the respiratory membrane; pulmonary capillary blood gains O2 and loses CO2.
Pulmonary Ventilation
-breathing
-Inspiration (inhaling) & Expiration (exhaling) of air and involves the exchange of air between the
atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs
Cellular Respiration
Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of
oxygen
Effects of Temperature and pH on Oxygen dissociation curves (Figure 22.26 (a) Figure 22.26(b))
Macrophages
-Phagocytize tissue debris, dead neutrophils, bacteria, and other foreign matter
-Process foreign matter and display antigenic fragments to certain T cells alerting immune system to the
presence of the enemy
T lymphocytes
directly attack and destroy diseased or foreign cells, and the immune system remembers the antigens of
those invaders and prevents them from causing disease in the future
Natural killer cells
large lymphocytes that attack and destroy bacteria, transplanted tissue, host cells infected with viruses
or that have turned cancerous
B lymphocytes
-produce humoral immunity
-Activated B cells develop into plasma cells
-Plasma cells secrete antibodies into the blood
-Circulating antibodies produce humoral immunity
-directly attack pathogens
Eosinophils
