NURS 316 Unit 2 Chapter 2 Test
Questions and Correct Answers
Which of the following clients would be an example of cellular atrophy?
A) A middle-aged female experiencing menopause due to loss of estrogen stimulation
B) A post-nephrectomy client whose remaining kidney enlarges to compensate for the
loss
C) A hypertensive, noncompliant client who has developed a progressive increase in left
ventricular mass
D) A female client with the change in uterine size due to pregnancy ✅A) A middle-
aged female experiencing menopause due to loss of estrogen stimulation
A client has experienced significant decreases in mobility and stamina during a 3-week
hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which most likely accounts for
the client's decrease in muscle function?
A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest ✅C) Disuse
atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
The client if found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver.
Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to which phenomenon in the remaining
liver cells?
A)Metaplasia
B) Organ atrophy
C) Compensatory hyperplasia
D) Physiologic hypertrophy ✅C) Compensatory hyperplasia
A client presents for a Pap smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will
examine cell samples for evidence of:
A) Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
B) The presence of unexpected cell types
C) Ischemic changes in cell samples
D) Abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field ✅A) Changes in cell shape,
size, and organization
, When performing an assessment on a school-aged child, the nurse notes that the
mucous membranes along the gum margins have a noticeable blue-coloured line. The
nurse should as the parents about:
A) Liver problems as an infant
B) Congenital heart problems
C) Exposure to lead
D) Second-hand smoke exposure ✅C) Exposure to lead
An elderly client asks her health care provider if the reason she has developed aortic
stenosis is because she drank so much milk as a child growing up on a farm. Which is
the most accurate?
A) Drinking lots of real milk as a child may have contributed to the damage in your valve
B) Atherosclerosis is a long process that eventually results in calcification of heart
valves
C) This calcification of your aortic valve is more than likely due to an undiagnosed
thyroid problem
D) More than likely, calcium has left your bones and collected on your aortic valve.
✅B) Atherosclerosis is a long process that eventually results in calcification of heart
valves
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic
calcification
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia
B) Liver cirrhosis
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism
D) Hyperparathyroidism ✅D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology
technician is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is
the primary rationale for the technician's precautions? Radiation:
A) Stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia
B) Results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm
C) Interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis
D) Decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells ✅C) Interferes with DNA
synthesis and mitosis
A mother rushes her 4 yo to emerg after finding an empty Tylenol bottle beside her
child. The nurse is trying to explain the importance of giving Ipecac to induce vomiting in
order to prevent:
A) Renal failure
B) Seizures
C) Liver failure
Questions and Correct Answers
Which of the following clients would be an example of cellular atrophy?
A) A middle-aged female experiencing menopause due to loss of estrogen stimulation
B) A post-nephrectomy client whose remaining kidney enlarges to compensate for the
loss
C) A hypertensive, noncompliant client who has developed a progressive increase in left
ventricular mass
D) A female client with the change in uterine size due to pregnancy ✅A) A middle-
aged female experiencing menopause due to loss of estrogen stimulation
A client has experienced significant decreases in mobility and stamina during a 3-week
hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which most likely accounts for
the client's decrease in muscle function?
A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest ✅C) Disuse
atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
The client if found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver.
Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to which phenomenon in the remaining
liver cells?
A)Metaplasia
B) Organ atrophy
C) Compensatory hyperplasia
D) Physiologic hypertrophy ✅C) Compensatory hyperplasia
A client presents for a Pap smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will
examine cell samples for evidence of:
A) Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
B) The presence of unexpected cell types
C) Ischemic changes in cell samples
D) Abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field ✅A) Changes in cell shape,
size, and organization
, When performing an assessment on a school-aged child, the nurse notes that the
mucous membranes along the gum margins have a noticeable blue-coloured line. The
nurse should as the parents about:
A) Liver problems as an infant
B) Congenital heart problems
C) Exposure to lead
D) Second-hand smoke exposure ✅C) Exposure to lead
An elderly client asks her health care provider if the reason she has developed aortic
stenosis is because she drank so much milk as a child growing up on a farm. Which is
the most accurate?
A) Drinking lots of real milk as a child may have contributed to the damage in your valve
B) Atherosclerosis is a long process that eventually results in calcification of heart
valves
C) This calcification of your aortic valve is more than likely due to an undiagnosed
thyroid problem
D) More than likely, calcium has left your bones and collected on your aortic valve.
✅B) Atherosclerosis is a long process that eventually results in calcification of heart
valves
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic
calcification
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia
B) Liver cirrhosis
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism
D) Hyperparathyroidism ✅D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology
technician is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is
the primary rationale for the technician's precautions? Radiation:
A) Stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia
B) Results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm
C) Interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis
D) Decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells ✅C) Interferes with DNA
synthesis and mitosis
A mother rushes her 4 yo to emerg after finding an empty Tylenol bottle beside her
child. The nurse is trying to explain the importance of giving Ipecac to induce vomiting in
order to prevent:
A) Renal failure
B) Seizures
C) Liver failure
