Unit 1 - NURS 316 Practice Questions
and Correct Answers
Cross sectional studies ✅simultaneous collection of information necessary for
classification of exposure and outcome
- two populations, have the disease and do not have the disease and then study if they
got the exposure
Case-control study ✅compare case subjects to control subjects, two diseases
- all disease positive in one group and one population with no disease and then they
check how many people are exposed in either group
Cohort studies ✅involved groups of people born at the time or who share some factor
- generally follow for at least 10 years
Metaplasia ✅cellular adaptation change in shape/type of cell
Can be cause by chronic stimulation
Can be reversed if the exposure/agent is removed
Dysplasia ✅cellular adaptation very close to cancer, can not be reversed
Cells not organized, disorderly growth
Neoplasia ✅disorganized growth, differentiation of proliferation
Protooncogenes ✅genes whose normal protein products stimulate the cell cycle
Anti-oncogenes (tumor suppressor genes) ✅genes that suppress anti-oncogenes, p53
common protein
Check points in cell cycle ✅G1 to S, S(M) to G2
Steps involving in neoplasia ✅Initiation - cells exposed to carcinogenic agent
Promotion - unregulated, accelerated growth
Progression - cells acquire malignant phenotypic changes
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) ✅colon cancer, pancreatic and stomach cancer
AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) ✅Tumor marker for liver cancer
CA-125 (cancer antigen-125 tumor marker) ✅blood test used in the detection of
ovarian cancer
and Correct Answers
Cross sectional studies ✅simultaneous collection of information necessary for
classification of exposure and outcome
- two populations, have the disease and do not have the disease and then study if they
got the exposure
Case-control study ✅compare case subjects to control subjects, two diseases
- all disease positive in one group and one population with no disease and then they
check how many people are exposed in either group
Cohort studies ✅involved groups of people born at the time or who share some factor
- generally follow for at least 10 years
Metaplasia ✅cellular adaptation change in shape/type of cell
Can be cause by chronic stimulation
Can be reversed if the exposure/agent is removed
Dysplasia ✅cellular adaptation very close to cancer, can not be reversed
Cells not organized, disorderly growth
Neoplasia ✅disorganized growth, differentiation of proliferation
Protooncogenes ✅genes whose normal protein products stimulate the cell cycle
Anti-oncogenes (tumor suppressor genes) ✅genes that suppress anti-oncogenes, p53
common protein
Check points in cell cycle ✅G1 to S, S(M) to G2
Steps involving in neoplasia ✅Initiation - cells exposed to carcinogenic agent
Promotion - unregulated, accelerated growth
Progression - cells acquire malignant phenotypic changes
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) ✅colon cancer, pancreatic and stomach cancer
AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) ✅Tumor marker for liver cancer
CA-125 (cancer antigen-125 tumor marker) ✅blood test used in the detection of
ovarian cancer
