BSC 101: Exam 2 (Illinois State
University)
-the double helix
-adenine pairs with thymine
- they form 2 hydrogen bonds together
-guanine pairs with cytosine
- they form 3 hydrogen bonds together - correct answer ✔✔What is the structure of DNA called?
the central dogma - correct answer ✔✔while genetic information is transferred from parent to offspring
via DNA duplication, genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA (which is called transcription)
and then RNA to protein (which is called translation)
translation - correct answer ✔✔RNA translated into protein (every 3 RNA bases codes for an amino acid)
transcription - correct answer ✔✔copying of DNA code to RNA, one nucleotide at a time so it is
complementary to the DNA
all living organisms ever discovered use the same code; more evidence all life shares the same common
ancestor (codons) - correct answer ✔✔Universal Genetic Code
Codon - correct answer ✔✔3 letter "words" that code for an amino acid (64 codons to code for
approximately 20 amino acids)
gene expression - correct answer ✔✔the process of turning on a gene to produce RNA and protein
Gel Electrophoresis (biotech tool) - correct answer ✔✔separates DNA strands based on length (smaller
molecules move faster through the gel than large ones)
, PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) (biotech tool) - correct answer ✔✔taking a few copies of DNA and
making millions of copies (ex: use when you only have one drop of blood but need more to solve a
crime)
- extract a gene from one species
- insert into a vector
- grow bacterial colonies
- bacterial cells that took up the gene express the protein product of the gene
(how insulin is made) - correct answer ✔✔Molecular Cloning (biotech tool)
the copying of an entire molecular organism like a sheep
- egg cell: haploid nucleus is removed
- a diploid nucleus from an individual's body cell is inserted into the egg cell
- electrically stimulate egg cell, which starts dividing
- resulting offspring is a genetic identical to the individual who donated the body cell diploid nucleus -
correct answer ✔✔Reproductive Cloning (biotech tool)
used to treat genetic disorders resulting in a missing or dysfunctional gene/protein
- the functional gene is cloned into a vector
- gene is inserted into the person's cell's genome
- functional gene gets expressed - correct answer ✔✔Gene Therapy
use molecular cloning to produce a gene product such as:
- H1N1 flu vaccine
- penicillin and many other antibiotics
- human insulin
- human growth hormones
created by manipulating fungal cells - correct answer ✔✔Production of vaccines, antibiotics, and
hormones
University)
-the double helix
-adenine pairs with thymine
- they form 2 hydrogen bonds together
-guanine pairs with cytosine
- they form 3 hydrogen bonds together - correct answer ✔✔What is the structure of DNA called?
the central dogma - correct answer ✔✔while genetic information is transferred from parent to offspring
via DNA duplication, genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA (which is called transcription)
and then RNA to protein (which is called translation)
translation - correct answer ✔✔RNA translated into protein (every 3 RNA bases codes for an amino acid)
transcription - correct answer ✔✔copying of DNA code to RNA, one nucleotide at a time so it is
complementary to the DNA
all living organisms ever discovered use the same code; more evidence all life shares the same common
ancestor (codons) - correct answer ✔✔Universal Genetic Code
Codon - correct answer ✔✔3 letter "words" that code for an amino acid (64 codons to code for
approximately 20 amino acids)
gene expression - correct answer ✔✔the process of turning on a gene to produce RNA and protein
Gel Electrophoresis (biotech tool) - correct answer ✔✔separates DNA strands based on length (smaller
molecules move faster through the gel than large ones)
, PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) (biotech tool) - correct answer ✔✔taking a few copies of DNA and
making millions of copies (ex: use when you only have one drop of blood but need more to solve a
crime)
- extract a gene from one species
- insert into a vector
- grow bacterial colonies
- bacterial cells that took up the gene express the protein product of the gene
(how insulin is made) - correct answer ✔✔Molecular Cloning (biotech tool)
the copying of an entire molecular organism like a sheep
- egg cell: haploid nucleus is removed
- a diploid nucleus from an individual's body cell is inserted into the egg cell
- electrically stimulate egg cell, which starts dividing
- resulting offspring is a genetic identical to the individual who donated the body cell diploid nucleus -
correct answer ✔✔Reproductive Cloning (biotech tool)
used to treat genetic disorders resulting in a missing or dysfunctional gene/protein
- the functional gene is cloned into a vector
- gene is inserted into the person's cell's genome
- functional gene gets expressed - correct answer ✔✔Gene Therapy
use molecular cloning to produce a gene product such as:
- H1N1 flu vaccine
- penicillin and many other antibiotics
- human insulin
- human growth hormones
created by manipulating fungal cells - correct answer ✔✔Production of vaccines, antibiotics, and
hormones
