Mastering Biology Midterm 1 Exam
Questions and Answers
The organelle that contains most of a cell's DNA. - Answer -nucleus
Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration? - Answer -mitochondrion
Which of these is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus? - Answer -the
nuclear envelope
The _____ is composed of DNA and protein. - Answer -chromatin
Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____. - Answer -nucleolus
_____ are the sites of protein synthesis. - Answer -Ribosomes
Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and
phospholipids to its own membrane? - Answer -rough endoplasmic reticulum
The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the
cell. - Answer -plasma membrane
Where is calcium stored? - Answer -smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell and aid in organelle
movement? - Answer -microtubules
_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles. - Answer -Basal bodies
In plant cells, why are toxins like nicotine, cocaine, and caffeine stored in vacuoles
instead of the cytosol? - Answer -Toxins in vacuoles are sequestered from the rest of
the cell, where they could do harm.
Vacuoles serve as storage depots that keep noxious compounds like toxins separate
from the rest of the cell. If released into the cytosol, toxins would poison the cell.
Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell? - Answer -vacuole
, Suppose a cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes,
plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from _____. - Answer -nearly
any eukaryotic organism
Where are proteins produced other than on ribosomes free in the cytosol or ribosomes
attached to the ER? - Answer -in mitochondria
Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease.
Which of the following organelles is most likely involved in this disease? - Answer -
mitochondria
Which statements are true for chloroplasts? - Answer -They are the sites of reactions
that convert solar energy into chemical energy.
They contain the green pigment chlorophyll.
They have membranous sacs called thylakoids that are surrounded by a fluid called
stroma.
An organism with a cell wall would most likely be unable to take in materials through
________. - Answer -phagocytosis
Which of the following proteins are synthesized by bound ribosomes? - Answer -
lysosomal enzyme
ER protein
insulin
Eukaryotic cells manufacture cytoskeletal proteins, which help to maintain cell shapes
and functions. What would you predict about these proteins? - Answer -They are
manufactured on free ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
Which of these are by-products of cellular respiration? - Answer -heat, carbon dioxide,
and water
Which of the four major macromolecules of life does NOT form complex structures via
polymerization? - Answer -lipids
True or false? All four types of macromolecules always contain carbon (C), hydrogen
(H), and oxygen (O), but NOT all of them contain nitrogen (N). - Answer -true
All proteins and nucleic acids contain nitrogen, but most carbohydrates and lipids do
not.
Which of these is rich in unsaturated fats? - Answer -olive oil
Questions and Answers
The organelle that contains most of a cell's DNA. - Answer -nucleus
Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration? - Answer -mitochondrion
Which of these is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus? - Answer -the
nuclear envelope
The _____ is composed of DNA and protein. - Answer -chromatin
Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____. - Answer -nucleolus
_____ are the sites of protein synthesis. - Answer -Ribosomes
Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and
phospholipids to its own membrane? - Answer -rough endoplasmic reticulum
The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the
cell. - Answer -plasma membrane
Where is calcium stored? - Answer -smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell and aid in organelle
movement? - Answer -microtubules
_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles. - Answer -Basal bodies
In plant cells, why are toxins like nicotine, cocaine, and caffeine stored in vacuoles
instead of the cytosol? - Answer -Toxins in vacuoles are sequestered from the rest of
the cell, where they could do harm.
Vacuoles serve as storage depots that keep noxious compounds like toxins separate
from the rest of the cell. If released into the cytosol, toxins would poison the cell.
Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell? - Answer -vacuole
, Suppose a cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes,
plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from _____. - Answer -nearly
any eukaryotic organism
Where are proteins produced other than on ribosomes free in the cytosol or ribosomes
attached to the ER? - Answer -in mitochondria
Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease.
Which of the following organelles is most likely involved in this disease? - Answer -
mitochondria
Which statements are true for chloroplasts? - Answer -They are the sites of reactions
that convert solar energy into chemical energy.
They contain the green pigment chlorophyll.
They have membranous sacs called thylakoids that are surrounded by a fluid called
stroma.
An organism with a cell wall would most likely be unable to take in materials through
________. - Answer -phagocytosis
Which of the following proteins are synthesized by bound ribosomes? - Answer -
lysosomal enzyme
ER protein
insulin
Eukaryotic cells manufacture cytoskeletal proteins, which help to maintain cell shapes
and functions. What would you predict about these proteins? - Answer -They are
manufactured on free ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
Which of these are by-products of cellular respiration? - Answer -heat, carbon dioxide,
and water
Which of the four major macromolecules of life does NOT form complex structures via
polymerization? - Answer -lipids
True or false? All four types of macromolecules always contain carbon (C), hydrogen
(H), and oxygen (O), but NOT all of them contain nitrogen (N). - Answer -true
All proteins and nucleic acids contain nitrogen, but most carbohydrates and lipids do
not.
Which of these is rich in unsaturated fats? - Answer -olive oil
