Mastering Biology Final Exam Questions
and Answers
Falsifiable - Answer -data can be collected that will support or reject the hypothesis
Proximate explanation - Answer -an explanation that provides the cause closest to, or
immediately responsible for the results
Ultimate explanation - Answer -an explanation that provides a higher-level cause, which
is often considered the "real" reason for an event
Kinesis - Answer -random movement that is not oriented in a certain way with regard to
stimulus
Taxis - Answer -movement toward or away from a stimulus
Why might the cell theory actually be a law? - Answer -the majority of principles in the
modern cell theory are accepted as fact among the scientific community but with
nothing to prove this theory is incorrect is potential for it to become a law
Endosymbiotic theory - Answer -mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as prokaryotic
cells engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell. The engulfed cell and its host cell then
evolved into a single organism
3 domains - Answer -archaea, bacteria, and eukarya
Which domains contain organisms that are prokaryotic? - Answer -bacteria and archaea
Which domains contain organisms that are eukaryotic? - Answer -eukarya
Which domains are the most closely related to each other? - Answer -eukarya and
archaea
Cell structure that may be present in plant cells but never in animal cells - Answer -cell
walls, chloroplasts, and large central vacuoles
How are plant and fungi cells similar and different? - Answer -they both have cell walls,
but the walls of plant cells are made of cellulose
, How are animal and fungi cells similar and different? - Answer -they are both eukaryotic
but animal cells don't have a cell wall
Which two are more closely related out of plants, animals, and fungi? - Answer -fungi
and animal cells because of the absence of chloroplasts and the presence of chitin
Function of the cell wall in plants - Answer -gives the plant shape and acts as a gate
keeper because it determines what can enter and leave a cell
Cell theory - Answer --all organisms are composed of cells
-cells are the basic living, functioning units of all organisms
-all cells come from preexisting cells
All cell have these basic structures - Answer -genetic material, cytoplasm, outer plasma
membrane, and ribosomes
Methyl blue stains - Answer -negatively charged particles in the cell such as DNA, RNA,
and phospholipids
Iodine stains - Answer -starch
Shape of the coccus bacteria - Answer -spherical
Shape of the bacillus bacteria - Answer -rod shaped
Shape of the spirillum bacteria - Answer -spiral shaped
Function of amyloplasts (leucoplasts) in a potato cell - Answer -starch storage
Function of the cell membrane in a cell - Answer -partitions the cell into specialized
compartments
Why do phospholipids automatically form a double layer of molecules (phospholipid
bilayer) when placed in water? - Answer -phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and
hydrophobic tails. They form the bilayer, exposing the heads in order to keep the
hydrophobic tails from the water
How do particles that have difficulty moving through the phospholipid bilayer get through
the cell membrane? - Answer -through the use of transport proteins
Difference between passive and active transport? - Answer -passive does not require
energy, active transport does require energy
How does a temperature stressor affect the cell membrane? - Answer -denatures the
proteins in the cell membrane, causing the membrane to break and the cell to burst
and Answers
Falsifiable - Answer -data can be collected that will support or reject the hypothesis
Proximate explanation - Answer -an explanation that provides the cause closest to, or
immediately responsible for the results
Ultimate explanation - Answer -an explanation that provides a higher-level cause, which
is often considered the "real" reason for an event
Kinesis - Answer -random movement that is not oriented in a certain way with regard to
stimulus
Taxis - Answer -movement toward or away from a stimulus
Why might the cell theory actually be a law? - Answer -the majority of principles in the
modern cell theory are accepted as fact among the scientific community but with
nothing to prove this theory is incorrect is potential for it to become a law
Endosymbiotic theory - Answer -mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as prokaryotic
cells engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell. The engulfed cell and its host cell then
evolved into a single organism
3 domains - Answer -archaea, bacteria, and eukarya
Which domains contain organisms that are prokaryotic? - Answer -bacteria and archaea
Which domains contain organisms that are eukaryotic? - Answer -eukarya
Which domains are the most closely related to each other? - Answer -eukarya and
archaea
Cell structure that may be present in plant cells but never in animal cells - Answer -cell
walls, chloroplasts, and large central vacuoles
How are plant and fungi cells similar and different? - Answer -they both have cell walls,
but the walls of plant cells are made of cellulose
, How are animal and fungi cells similar and different? - Answer -they are both eukaryotic
but animal cells don't have a cell wall
Which two are more closely related out of plants, animals, and fungi? - Answer -fungi
and animal cells because of the absence of chloroplasts and the presence of chitin
Function of the cell wall in plants - Answer -gives the plant shape and acts as a gate
keeper because it determines what can enter and leave a cell
Cell theory - Answer --all organisms are composed of cells
-cells are the basic living, functioning units of all organisms
-all cells come from preexisting cells
All cell have these basic structures - Answer -genetic material, cytoplasm, outer plasma
membrane, and ribosomes
Methyl blue stains - Answer -negatively charged particles in the cell such as DNA, RNA,
and phospholipids
Iodine stains - Answer -starch
Shape of the coccus bacteria - Answer -spherical
Shape of the bacillus bacteria - Answer -rod shaped
Shape of the spirillum bacteria - Answer -spiral shaped
Function of amyloplasts (leucoplasts) in a potato cell - Answer -starch storage
Function of the cell membrane in a cell - Answer -partitions the cell into specialized
compartments
Why do phospholipids automatically form a double layer of molecules (phospholipid
bilayer) when placed in water? - Answer -phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and
hydrophobic tails. They form the bilayer, exposing the heads in order to keep the
hydrophobic tails from the water
How do particles that have difficulty moving through the phospholipid bilayer get through
the cell membrane? - Answer -through the use of transport proteins
Difference between passive and active transport? - Answer -passive does not require
energy, active transport does require energy
How does a temperature stressor affect the cell membrane? - Answer -denatures the
proteins in the cell membrane, causing the membrane to break and the cell to burst
