Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology questions
and answers
Name the SIX elements of cardiac anatomy. - -location of the heart
-structure of heart
-heart wall
-chambers
-valves
-layout/structure of coronary circulation
Where in the chest cavity is considered the "home" of the heart? - -mediastinal
cavity
-AKA: mediastinum
What is another name for the TOP of the heart? - -its BASE
Where does the base of the heart lie? - -just below the 2nd rib
What is another name for the BOTTOM of the heart? - -its APEX
Where does the apex of the heart lie? - -tilts forward and down, toward the LEFT
side of the
,Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology questions
and answers
body
-rests on the diaphragm
How doe the heart change in the older adult? - -becomes slightly smaller
-loses its contractile strength & efficiency
-by age 70: CO at rest diminished by 30-35%
-myocardium becomes more irritable
-increased fibrous tissue infiltrates SA node & inter-
nodal tracts = A-fib and A-flutter
In the older adult, what THREE things may happen as a result of myocardium
irritability? - -extra systoles
-sinus arrhythmias
-sinus bradycardias
Name the THREE layers of the heart wall. - -epicardium
-myocardium
-endocardium
,Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology questions
and answers
Define: epicardium - -the outer layer
-visceral layer of serous pericardium
-composed of squamous epithelial cells overlying
connective tissue
Define: epithelial - -AKA: epithelium
-the purely cellular avascular layer of the serous peri-
cardium that produces a substance having a watery
consistency
Define: squamous epithelial cell - -a flat, scale-like epithelial cell
Define: myocardium - -the middle layer
-comprises the largest portion of the heart's wall
-this layer contracts with each heartbeat
Define: endocardium - -innermost layer
-contains endothelial tissue with small blood vessels
, Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology questions
and answers
and bundles of smooth muscle
Define: endothelial - -a layer of flat cells that line the heart
Define: pericardium - -a layer of connective tissue that surrounds the heart
and acts as a tough, protective sac
What are the TWO layers of the pericardium? - -fibrous pericardium
-serous pericardium
Define: fibrous pericardium - -composed of tough, white, fibrous tissue
-fits loosely around the heart, protecting it
What THREE structures does the FIBROUS pericardium attach to? - -great vessels
- diaphragm
-sternum
Define: serous pericardium - -the thin, smooth, inner portion
and answers
Name the SIX elements of cardiac anatomy. - -location of the heart
-structure of heart
-heart wall
-chambers
-valves
-layout/structure of coronary circulation
Where in the chest cavity is considered the "home" of the heart? - -mediastinal
cavity
-AKA: mediastinum
What is another name for the TOP of the heart? - -its BASE
Where does the base of the heart lie? - -just below the 2nd rib
What is another name for the BOTTOM of the heart? - -its APEX
Where does the apex of the heart lie? - -tilts forward and down, toward the LEFT
side of the
,Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology questions
and answers
body
-rests on the diaphragm
How doe the heart change in the older adult? - -becomes slightly smaller
-loses its contractile strength & efficiency
-by age 70: CO at rest diminished by 30-35%
-myocardium becomes more irritable
-increased fibrous tissue infiltrates SA node & inter-
nodal tracts = A-fib and A-flutter
In the older adult, what THREE things may happen as a result of myocardium
irritability? - -extra systoles
-sinus arrhythmias
-sinus bradycardias
Name the THREE layers of the heart wall. - -epicardium
-myocardium
-endocardium
,Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology questions
and answers
Define: epicardium - -the outer layer
-visceral layer of serous pericardium
-composed of squamous epithelial cells overlying
connective tissue
Define: epithelial - -AKA: epithelium
-the purely cellular avascular layer of the serous peri-
cardium that produces a substance having a watery
consistency
Define: squamous epithelial cell - -a flat, scale-like epithelial cell
Define: myocardium - -the middle layer
-comprises the largest portion of the heart's wall
-this layer contracts with each heartbeat
Define: endocardium - -innermost layer
-contains endothelial tissue with small blood vessels
, Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology questions
and answers
and bundles of smooth muscle
Define: endothelial - -a layer of flat cells that line the heart
Define: pericardium - -a layer of connective tissue that surrounds the heart
and acts as a tough, protective sac
What are the TWO layers of the pericardium? - -fibrous pericardium
-serous pericardium
Define: fibrous pericardium - -composed of tough, white, fibrous tissue
-fits loosely around the heart, protecting it
What THREE structures does the FIBROUS pericardium attach to? - -great vessels
- diaphragm
-sternum
Define: serous pericardium - -the thin, smooth, inner portion
