ACS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY EXAM
2024\2025
ACS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY EXAM 2024\2025 WITH GUARANTEED ACCURATE
ANSWERS|VERIFIED
When naming carboxylic acids - Accurate Answer✅✅find the longest continuous carbon atom chain
containing the carboxylic acid group
What is the prefix in carboxylic acids? - Accurate Answer✅✅-oate
To name an ester, - Accurate Answer✅✅identify the alkyl group that is in the 'alcohol' portion of the
molecule and name it; then identify the acid part of the molecule. The ester is named with the alkyl part
first, and the acid part is named as a carboxylate.
The terms ortho, meta, and para are used when benzene derivatives possess - Accurate Answer✅✅exact
2 subsituents
Is a structure with more or less covalent bonds more stable? - Accurate Answer✅✅More covalent bonds
is more stable
,What is the downside to separation of charges? - Accurate Answer✅✅Separation of charges cost energy
and results in a less stable resonance contributor
What does the nitrate ion look like lewis structure? - Accurate Answer✅✅
The bonding pi orbital is lower in energy than antibonding orbital (T/F)? - Accurate Answer✅✅True
The sigma orbital is lower in energy than the pi orbital (T/F)? - Accurate Answer✅✅True
How do you prepare epoxides? - Accurate Answer✅✅Reagent is peracid (COOOH) ; alkene to an
epoxide; maintain stereochemistry
What are the reagents of hydroboration of alkenes? - Accurate Answer✅✅BH3, Et2O
What is anti-markovnikov? - Accurate Answer✅✅When the H adds to the carbon with the fewest
attached hydrogens
What is syn - Accurate Answer✅✅H and B add to the same face of the alkene.
What is markovnikov? - Accurate Answer✅✅Halide component of HX bonds adds to the more highly
substitued carbon, whereas the hydrogen prefers the carbon which already contains more hydrogens.
What is aromatic sulfonation? - Accurate Answer✅✅reagent is h2so4, heat or so3 (fuming h2so4)
What is an activating group? - Accurate Answer✅✅Ortho or para directing
What is a deactivating group? - Accurate Answer✅✅meta directing
What are examples of activating EDG? - Accurate Answer✅✅O, NR2, NH3, OH, OR, NHCOR, OCOR,
R, BENZENE, C=CR2,
,What are deactivating EWG? - Accurate Answer✅✅-X, COH, COR, COOR, COOH, COCL, CF3, CN,
HSO3-, NH3+ NR3+, NO2+
EDG ______ the rate of reaction - Accurate Answer✅✅increase
EWG ________ the rate of reaction - Accurate Answer✅✅decrease
What are resonance effects? - Accurate Answer✅✅Those that occur through the pi system and can be
represented by resonance structures
What are inductive effects? - Accurate Answer✅✅Those that occur through the sigma system due to
electronegativeity type effects.
What does EDG do? - Accurate Answer✅✅Atoms adjacent to the pi system activate the aromatic ring by
increasing the electron density on the ring through a resonance donating effect. (ortho-para directing)
What does an EWG do? - Accurate Answer✅✅EWGs with pi bonds to electronegative atoms adjacent to
the pi system deactivate the aromatic ring by decreasing the electron density on the ring through a
resonance withdrawing effect. (meta directing)
Halogens are deacitvaitng but have both - Accurate Answer✅✅inductive electron withdrawing and
resonance donating (electronegativity and lone pair donation)
What is the aldol condensation reaction? - Accurate Answer✅✅reaction in which an enol or an enolate
ion reacts with a carbonyl compound to form a beta hydroxyaldehyde or b-hydroxyketone, followed by
dehydration to give a conjugated enone.
How does one transform a fischer projection into a cyclic ring in chair conformation? - Accurate
Answer✅✅Freely rotate the bonds (change the position of the OH and CH2OH in the fischer projection,
then the oyxgen-H bond will nucleophilically attack the carbon, kick the double bond of the oxygen to the
oxygen to form an oxygen anion and then get protonated by a hydrogen from the alcohol gorup used to
nucleophilically attack the carbon. (mechanism is in notebook)
What reaction uses BuLi? - Accurate Answer✅✅Correy Fuches
, What is the starting and end product of the Ph3P, Br- ? - Accurate Answer✅✅ketone; alkene
What is LiAlh4? - Accurate Answer✅✅A reducing agent; carboxylic acid and ester can be reduced by
this in addtiiton to aldehydes or ketones
What happens in a free-radical additon of H-Br to alkenes? (HBr RO-OR) - Accurate
Answer✅✅antiadditon or syn addition of H and Br. Antimarkovnikov.
Enolate (ester) --> ketone - Accurate Answer✅✅NaOEt --> PhCh2Br --> H3O+, heat (Remove CO2)
What is saponification? - Accurate Answer✅✅is the alkaline hydrolysis of the fatty acid esters. Example:
The chemical reaction between any fat and sodium hydroxide is a saponification reaction. triglyceride +
sodium hydroxide (or potassium hydroxide) → glycerol + 3 soap molecules
Carbonyl attack
What is a Grignard reagent? - Accurate Answer✅✅an organometallic chemical reaction in which alkyl,
vinyl, or aryl-magnesium halides (Grignard reagents) add to a carbonyl group in an aldehyde or ketone.
This reaction is an important tool for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds.
How do you prepare a Grignard reagent? - Accurate Answer✅✅Treat magnesium, and then you treat the
Grignard with a strong acid. This gives you the alkane. You can also use this to introduce deuterium (D)
into molecules! The first step is to make the Grignard reagent
What's a decoupled HNMR? - Accurate Answer✅✅shows no splitting at all; it consists of a set of single
peaks, one for each carbon or each set of equivalent carbons in a molecule. (EXAMPLE in the exam is
that benzene is basically meso, so the signals must be individual 6 signals on their own.
What are the reagents of the Claisen condensation? - Accurate Answer✅✅claisen condensation between
esters containing alpha hydrogens, promoted by a base such as sodium thoxide, affords beta keto esters.
(use stronger bases to increase yield: NaH)
The reducing agent: NaBH4 reduces? - Accurate Answer✅✅Aldehydes and Ketones
The reducing agent: LiAlH4 reduces - Accurate Answer✅✅Carboxylic acids and esters
2024\2025
ACS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY EXAM 2024\2025 WITH GUARANTEED ACCURATE
ANSWERS|VERIFIED
When naming carboxylic acids - Accurate Answer✅✅find the longest continuous carbon atom chain
containing the carboxylic acid group
What is the prefix in carboxylic acids? - Accurate Answer✅✅-oate
To name an ester, - Accurate Answer✅✅identify the alkyl group that is in the 'alcohol' portion of the
molecule and name it; then identify the acid part of the molecule. The ester is named with the alkyl part
first, and the acid part is named as a carboxylate.
The terms ortho, meta, and para are used when benzene derivatives possess - Accurate Answer✅✅exact
2 subsituents
Is a structure with more or less covalent bonds more stable? - Accurate Answer✅✅More covalent bonds
is more stable
,What is the downside to separation of charges? - Accurate Answer✅✅Separation of charges cost energy
and results in a less stable resonance contributor
What does the nitrate ion look like lewis structure? - Accurate Answer✅✅
The bonding pi orbital is lower in energy than antibonding orbital (T/F)? - Accurate Answer✅✅True
The sigma orbital is lower in energy than the pi orbital (T/F)? - Accurate Answer✅✅True
How do you prepare epoxides? - Accurate Answer✅✅Reagent is peracid (COOOH) ; alkene to an
epoxide; maintain stereochemistry
What are the reagents of hydroboration of alkenes? - Accurate Answer✅✅BH3, Et2O
What is anti-markovnikov? - Accurate Answer✅✅When the H adds to the carbon with the fewest
attached hydrogens
What is syn - Accurate Answer✅✅H and B add to the same face of the alkene.
What is markovnikov? - Accurate Answer✅✅Halide component of HX bonds adds to the more highly
substitued carbon, whereas the hydrogen prefers the carbon which already contains more hydrogens.
What is aromatic sulfonation? - Accurate Answer✅✅reagent is h2so4, heat or so3 (fuming h2so4)
What is an activating group? - Accurate Answer✅✅Ortho or para directing
What is a deactivating group? - Accurate Answer✅✅meta directing
What are examples of activating EDG? - Accurate Answer✅✅O, NR2, NH3, OH, OR, NHCOR, OCOR,
R, BENZENE, C=CR2,
,What are deactivating EWG? - Accurate Answer✅✅-X, COH, COR, COOR, COOH, COCL, CF3, CN,
HSO3-, NH3+ NR3+, NO2+
EDG ______ the rate of reaction - Accurate Answer✅✅increase
EWG ________ the rate of reaction - Accurate Answer✅✅decrease
What are resonance effects? - Accurate Answer✅✅Those that occur through the pi system and can be
represented by resonance structures
What are inductive effects? - Accurate Answer✅✅Those that occur through the sigma system due to
electronegativeity type effects.
What does EDG do? - Accurate Answer✅✅Atoms adjacent to the pi system activate the aromatic ring by
increasing the electron density on the ring through a resonance donating effect. (ortho-para directing)
What does an EWG do? - Accurate Answer✅✅EWGs with pi bonds to electronegative atoms adjacent to
the pi system deactivate the aromatic ring by decreasing the electron density on the ring through a
resonance withdrawing effect. (meta directing)
Halogens are deacitvaitng but have both - Accurate Answer✅✅inductive electron withdrawing and
resonance donating (electronegativity and lone pair donation)
What is the aldol condensation reaction? - Accurate Answer✅✅reaction in which an enol or an enolate
ion reacts with a carbonyl compound to form a beta hydroxyaldehyde or b-hydroxyketone, followed by
dehydration to give a conjugated enone.
How does one transform a fischer projection into a cyclic ring in chair conformation? - Accurate
Answer✅✅Freely rotate the bonds (change the position of the OH and CH2OH in the fischer projection,
then the oyxgen-H bond will nucleophilically attack the carbon, kick the double bond of the oxygen to the
oxygen to form an oxygen anion and then get protonated by a hydrogen from the alcohol gorup used to
nucleophilically attack the carbon. (mechanism is in notebook)
What reaction uses BuLi? - Accurate Answer✅✅Correy Fuches
, What is the starting and end product of the Ph3P, Br- ? - Accurate Answer✅✅ketone; alkene
What is LiAlh4? - Accurate Answer✅✅A reducing agent; carboxylic acid and ester can be reduced by
this in addtiiton to aldehydes or ketones
What happens in a free-radical additon of H-Br to alkenes? (HBr RO-OR) - Accurate
Answer✅✅antiadditon or syn addition of H and Br. Antimarkovnikov.
Enolate (ester) --> ketone - Accurate Answer✅✅NaOEt --> PhCh2Br --> H3O+, heat (Remove CO2)
What is saponification? - Accurate Answer✅✅is the alkaline hydrolysis of the fatty acid esters. Example:
The chemical reaction between any fat and sodium hydroxide is a saponification reaction. triglyceride +
sodium hydroxide (or potassium hydroxide) → glycerol + 3 soap molecules
Carbonyl attack
What is a Grignard reagent? - Accurate Answer✅✅an organometallic chemical reaction in which alkyl,
vinyl, or aryl-magnesium halides (Grignard reagents) add to a carbonyl group in an aldehyde or ketone.
This reaction is an important tool for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds.
How do you prepare a Grignard reagent? - Accurate Answer✅✅Treat magnesium, and then you treat the
Grignard with a strong acid. This gives you the alkane. You can also use this to introduce deuterium (D)
into molecules! The first step is to make the Grignard reagent
What's a decoupled HNMR? - Accurate Answer✅✅shows no splitting at all; it consists of a set of single
peaks, one for each carbon or each set of equivalent carbons in a molecule. (EXAMPLE in the exam is
that benzene is basically meso, so the signals must be individual 6 signals on their own.
What are the reagents of the Claisen condensation? - Accurate Answer✅✅claisen condensation between
esters containing alpha hydrogens, promoted by a base such as sodium thoxide, affords beta keto esters.
(use stronger bases to increase yield: NaH)
The reducing agent: NaBH4 reduces? - Accurate Answer✅✅Aldehydes and Ketones
The reducing agent: LiAlH4 reduces - Accurate Answer✅✅Carboxylic acids and esters
