Hondros 172 quiz 1 Latest(2024/2025) Questions and Answers 100% Correct.

Common drug that relates to fluid volume - Furosemide ADPIE - Nursing Process - Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation autonomy - Have right to self benefiicence - - Aiming to benefit others; doing good Calcium - 8.5-10 Calcium - 99% in bones and teeth 1% in bloodstream, bound to protien PTH (Parathyroid hormone) helps regulate calcium in the body and acquired through dietary intake Causes of hypercalcemia - malignancy hyperparathyroidism Excessive calcium intake Causes of hypocalcemia include: - Tetany Muscle cramps Trousseaus Chvosteks Cardiac dysthymiaSeizures treatment: *oral or iv supplements * fidelity - Obligation to be honest with self and others Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD) symptoms - Tenting Tachycardia Hypertension Narrow pulse pressure Weight loss Flat neck veins when Laying flat Dry mucous membranes BUN greater than 20 Hemoglobin and hematocrit can be elevated Elevated urine specific gravity Urine output less than 30ml/hr Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD) treatment - IV fluid (bolus)maybe Oral fluids Blood or blood products Frequents assessments and vital signs in acute phase fluid volume deficit causes - Vomiting, diarrhea, burns Hemorrhage Drainage NG suctions, fistulas, tubes Insensible loss: diaphoresis, fever, tachypnea Not enough fluid intake Third space fluid shiftNPO status Diabetes insipidus Fluid Volume Excess (FVE) symptoms - Tachycardia Hypertension Bonding pulses Irritating cough Weight gain * 1 pound gained=500ml * 1 kg gained= 1000ml JVD Crackles Dyspnea Fast respiratory rate (tachypnea) Low pulse oximeter Imbalanced intake and output fluid volume excess causes: - Renal disease/failure Heart failure Excessive fluid intake High corticosteroid levels, causes by disease or therapy Liver damage Increased ADH due to pain post op reaction and acute infections SIADH- syndrome of inappropriate anti diuretics hormone secretion Gentamicin (Garamycin) - Used for severe systemic infections: respiratory, GI, skin, bone, urinary, CNS Ototoxic NephrotoxicHCO3 normal range - 22-26 hypertonic solution (shrinks)) - D5/0.9%NaCl D10/W D5/LR Packed RBC TPN 25% Albumin May cause hypertension Causes pulmonary edema (crackles heard in lungs) Used to treat shock pt Hypokalemia causes - GI loss Renal loss Diuretics Increased perspiration's NG suctioning, vomiting, diuretics, laxatives Excessive use of glucocorticoid Poor dietary intake Hypokalemia symptoms - Fatigue Muscle cramps ABG's may show metabolic alkalosis Anorexia nausea and vomiting Increased sensitivity to digoxin ECG changes: ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillationHypokalemia Treatment/Interventions - Mild loss increases per diet request Salt supplements For low potassium levels cardiac monitoring is important Potassium IV must not be given IVP the heart will stop IV Potassium is irritating to the veins and causes phlebitis hypotonic solution (swells) - 0.45% NaCl D2/W 0.225% NaCl Increased BP Good for DKA, hyperglycemia, dehydrated pt Never give to ICP pt Intracellular electrolyte - Potassium (K) Isotonic (normal body) - 0.9%NaCl D5/W LR D5/0.225%NaCl 5% Albumin Justice - Fair treatment Levaquin (levofloxacin) - Tendon rupture Seizures Steven Johnson syndrome Malepractice - Duty-the nurse has a duty to care for their ptBreach of duty- the nurse did not care for their pt Injury- actual harm/injury happens to pt Causation- the breach of care caused the harm to the pt Non-maleficence - do no harm PCO2 normal range - 35-45 PH - 7.35-7.45 PO2 Normal Range - 80-100 Potassium - 3.5-5.0 Potassium - Influences skeletal and cardiac muscle activity SBAR - Situation Background Assessment Recommendation Vancomycin - BUN 10-20 Creatine 0.6-1.2 WBC (5,000-10,000) will decrease Peak and trough Saved for super bugs Ototoxic- permanent deafness Nephrotoxic-permanent kidney damage Red an syndrome (too fast through IV)Veracity - truthfulness, honesty Potassium - Not stored in the body