NURS 460 Exam 2 Test Questions and Complete Solutions

NURS 460 Exam 2 Test Questions and Complete Solutions Heathcare Acquired (nosocomial) Infections ✅Acquired during the process of receiving healthcare -EX: UTI, respiratory pneumonia, surgical site wound infections, GI & skin infections Community Acquired Infections ✅Infections that are contracted outside of a hospital -EX: influenza, bacterial pneumonia, norovirus, HIV, etc. Nosocomial Infections (risk factors) ✅-IVs -Neutropenia (immunocompromised) -Catherization -No deep breathing/coughing after surgery Nosocomial Infections (prevent/reduce the risks) ✅-Hand washing -Stethoscope cleaning -Gloves -Sterile/Aseptic technique -Prophylactic antibiotics Airborne Precautions ✅-Passed through the air (breathing in spores) -PPE: N95 or respirator -Negative pressure room -Tuberculosis, Varicella, Measles, SARS Droplet Precautions ✅-Passed through spread of close respiratory or mucous membrane contact with respiratory secretions (sneeze, cough, laugh) -PPE: mask, gown, & gloves -Influenza, adenovirus, rhinovirus, Group A streptococcus Contact Precautions ✅-Transmitted by contact with the patient's intact skin or with contaminated surfaces -PPE: gown & gloves -C diff, MRSA, VRE, RSV Enteric Precautions ✅-Precautions taken when there is potential for someone to come into contact with infectious waste -PPE: gown & gloves -Wash hands before leaving the room -Equipment such as stethoscopes should be wiped down when leaving patient rooms -C diff WBC (lab levels) ✅4,500 -11,000 Lactic Acid (blood lab levels) ✅0.5-2.2 mEq/L Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR: lab levels) ✅Men: 0 -22 mm/hr Women: 0 -29 mm/hr -Measures inflammation in the body (higher value, greater inflammation) C-Reactive Protein (CRP: lab levels) ✅Less than 10mg/L -Active inflammation HIV (prevention activities) ✅-Safe sex -Clean needles -PreP & PeP -Pregnancy precautions to not give HIV to baby HIV (contraction) ✅-Transmitted by body fluids containing HIV or infected CD4 lymphocytes -Infected blood, semen, vaginal secretions, & breastmilk HIV (treatment) ✅-Antiretroviral agents (ART) -Vaccines -Control s/s of HIV -Decrease viral load -Maintain or increase CD4 T cell count -Prevent HIV related symptoms & diseases -Delay disease progression HIV (major side effects of ART) ✅-N/V -Anxiety & fear -Depression & diarrhea -Peripheral neuropathy & pain -Fatigue -Lipodystrophy -Hyperlipidemia -Insulin resistance -Hyperglycemia -Bone disease (osteoporosis, avascular necrosis) -Renal disease -Cardiovascular disease PreP ✅Pre-exposure prophylaxis PeP ✅Post-exposure prophylaxis