NURS 460- Organ Transplant Review Questions and Correct Answers

NURS 460 - Organ Transplant Review Questions an d Correct Answers Critical care nurses are an integral part of the transplantation team: - identification and referral of donors - patient advocate and family support - care of the donor - care of the recipient ✅nurse's role in transplantation 1984 —the national organ transplant act passed by congress prohibits the selling of human organs, establishes the organ procurement and transplantation network to ensure fair and equitable allocation of donated organs, and the scientific registry of transpl ant recipients to conduct an ongoing evaluation of the scientific and clinical status of organ transplantation. It also provided for grants for the establishment, initial operation, and expansion of organ procurement organizations. 1986 —required request legislation. The omnibus budget reconciliation act of 1986 required hospitals to have in place policies for offering all families of deceased patients the opportunity to donate their loved one's organs 2001 —number of living donors exceeds number of deceased donors for the first time in the u.s. Presumed consent ? ✅legislation and information Presumed consent ✅method of organ procurement in which consent to harvest is assumed unless the person or his or her family explicitly objects to it 1954 —first successful kidney transplant performed. A living donor gave a kidney to his identical twin 1963 —first organ recovery from a brain dead donor 1967 —first successful liver transplant performed 1967 —first u.s. heart transplant performed 1968 —first successful bone marrow transplant performed 1976 —discovery cyclosporine's ability to suppress the immune system, helping to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs 1981 —first combined heart/lung transplant performed 1990 —nobel prize awarded to dr. Joseph e. Murray and dr. E. Donnall thomas, pioneers in kidney and bone marrow transplants respectively. Dr. Murray performed the first successful kidney transplant (1954) and dr. Thomas performed the first bone marrow trans plant (1968) ✅transplant firsts Organ procurement agency ✅group of professionals who harvest organs for transplant; every state has at least one; employ nurses, techs, counselors, etc Education: professional and public Donor evaluation Family counseling (before, during, and after) Donor management (of patient in icu by their nurses and follow to or, supply information to unos) Organ placement Assist with organ recovery (nurses go to hospital to help surgeon harvest organ) Organ preservation (technicians are responsible for this - kidney/pump) Post-donation follow -up (counselors do this) ✅alabama organ center's role Active infection Malignancy Inadequate organ function (ex. Ej 30% rules out heart donation, esrd rules our kidney disease) Immunosuppressive or autoimmune disease (hiv, aids, vascular autoimmune disease, etc) (age not a factor) ✅what makes a potential donor ineligible to donate organs? Should be done by a requestor comfortable with donation (talking to families at one of their most vulnerable points) Approach the next of kin and limit the number of people present Needs to be done in a sensitive manner "decouple" family approach from the discussion of death (give family some time after death, it is the law to ask every family about organ donation) It is the family's legislated right to be approached ✅family counseling: approaching a potential donor family Married: spouse Not married: parents If not married and no children: oldest sibling Children but not married: oldest child if 18 ✅next of kin What will my loved one look like? They will not be disfigured in any way, can have open casket How long will it take? Depends; few hours to 36 hours Will it cost any money? No; once declared brain dead, families cost ends Is the system fair? Absolutely, all data is put into computer, unos distributes Will my loved one suffer? No, they are dead; respectful process What does my religion say? All major religions support donation Can i meet the recipients? Generally no, can learn about where it went ✅common questions about organ donation Almost everyone can donate something (if not as organ, possibly tissue) ✅who can be a donor Heart Lungs