NSG 456 Exam III Questions With Correct Answers

NSG 456 Exam III Questions With Correct Answers Hypotonic Solution - answerfluid moves into cells - anything LESS than 0.9% (0.225%, 0.33%, 0.55% NaCl) -D5W - Tx: severe dehydration, DI, DKA, HHS Isotonic Solution - answerfills the vascular bed & rehydrate - NS 0.9% - LR - Tx: hypovolemia, dehydration Hypertonic solution - answerpulls fluid out of cells into blood stream - anything GREATER than 0.9% - 3%, 5%, 10% NS - Tx: hyponatremia, cerebral edema, - Monitor for: fluid volume overload (HF), Worst place to have head injury - answertemporals Monroe-Kelley Hypothesis - answerAll components of the skull remain in a state of equilibrium, if one component changes the others will compensate ICP aka - answerCerebral HTN Early signs of ICP - answer- decreased LOC - speech changes - headache Late signs of ICP - answer- coma EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 29, 2024 12:59 PM - seizure activity - Pupillary changes: erratic eye movement/blown pupils - RR erratic then slows (chain stokes) - Pulse pressure widens (high systolic) - Hemiplegia - Decorticate or decerebrate posturing CPP and how to find it - answerCerebral Perfusion Pressure (60-70) ~ MAP - ICP = CPP Interventions for increased CPP - answer- Isotonic fluids - THEN vasopressors Interventions for decreased CPP - answer- Cardepine - Esmerol What should be assumed of every head injury? - answerSpinal precautions (C-Spine) Signs of a concussion - answerwhen the brain hits the skull Mild TBI - headache - insomnia - temp. unconsciousness - N/V - LOC & for how long? Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy - answerResult of repeat head injuries Mild TBI - personality changes - memory impairment - speech disturbances Diffuse Axonal Injury - answerWhen the brain bounces off both sides of skull from HIGH SPEED impact EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 29, 2024 12:59 PM - brain matter sheers off - brain axons are damaged - global cerebral edema - decorticate or decerebrate posturing Basilar skull fracture s/sx - answer- Battles