UVA Psych 1010 Exam 1 Test Questions and Correct Answers

Psychology science of the mind and behavior Dualism the idea that the world is composed if 2 distinct categories of substance: mental substance (the should) and physical substance (the body) Descartes - own model of dualism - animals have no soul, so much behavior does not require a soul - body can control much behavior -suggested that the soul controlled the body through a interface in the pineal gland Monism belief that the world can be explained by only one category of substance Materialism - Thomas Hobbes - the view that nothing exists except for matter and energy. All human thought and behavior can be explained in terms of physical processes in the body Empiricism - Locke, Hume, and Mill - All human thought and knowledge are acquired from sensory experience. - Nurture Nativism - Kant - the idea that certain elementary ideas are innate to the human mind and do not need to be learned - Nature Phrenology - Gall - failed attempt to localize cognitive functions of the brain Aspects of Phrenology 1. the brain is an organ of the mind 2. the mind is composed of distinct, innate faculties 3. each faculty must occupy a distinct part of the brain 4. the size of the organ is a measure of its power 5. the shape of the brain is determined by the development of organs 6. the surface of the skull can be read as an accurate index of psychological aptitudes. Brocca's Area/Aphasia difficulty with speech production, but have realtively spared comprehension of language