Neurology Questions and Answers Verified and reliable for a top grade

eurons: - Answer cells that send and receive signals Neuroglia (glial cells): - Answer cells that support and protect neurons Non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis 2 types in the PNS and 4 types in the CNS Neuroglial Cells - Answer Organs of the Nervous System - Answer Brain and spinal cord Sensory receptors of sense organs (eyes, ears, etc.) The Central Nervous System (CNS) - Answer Consists of the spinal cord and brain Functions of the CNS - Answer process and coordinate: sensory data motor commands higher functions of brain The Peripheral Nervous System (CNS) - Answer Consists of a sensory and motor division Functions of the PNS - Answer Deliver sensory information to the CNS Carry motor commands to peripheral tissues and systems Cranial Nerves - Answer Spinal Nerves - Answer 2 | P a g e Afferent division - Answer Carries sensory information from PNS sensory receptors to CNS Receptors of afferent division: detect changes or respond to stimuli - Answer neurons and specialized cells complex sensory organs (e.g., eyes, ears) Efferent division - Answer Carries motor commands from CNS to PNS, muscles and glands Effectors of efferent division: respond to efferent signals - Answer cells and organs Somatic nervous system (SNS) - Answer voluntary actions skeletal muscle contractions Autonomic nervous system (ANS) - Answer subconscious actions sympathetic division: - Answer has a stimulating effect, fight and flight parasympathetic division: - Answer has a relaxing effect Neurons: - Answer Multipolar Neurons - Answer Common in the CNS Includes all skeletal muscle motor neurons Multiple dendrites, one axon Bipolar Neurons - Answer Found in special sensory organs (sight, smell, hearing One dendrite, one axon with cell body between Unipolar Neurons - Answer Found in sensory neurons of PNS Afferent Cell body lies off to one side Anaxonic Neurons - Answer Found in brain and sense organs Dendrites and axons look alike Interneurons, connections in the CNS Three Functional Classifications of Neurons - Answer Sensory neurons = Afferent neurons of PNS (unipolar and bipolar) 3 | P a g e Motor neurons = Efferent neurons of PNS (multipolar) Interneurons = Association neurons, confined to the CNS (axaxonic) Sensory Neurons - Answer Monitor internal environment (visceral sensory neurons) Monitor effects of external environment (somatic sensory neurons) Interoceptors - Answer Monitor internal systems = digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, reproductive Internal senses = taste, deep pressure, pain Exteroceptors - Answer External senses = touch, temperature, pressure Distance senses = sight, smell, hearing Proprioceptors - Answer Monitor position and movement = skeletal muscles and joints Motor neurons - Answer carry instructions from CNS to peripheral effectors via efferent fibers Somatic nervous system (SNS) - Answer includes all somatic motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles Autonomic (visceral) nervous system (ANS) - Answer controls subconscious actions e.g., smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands Interneurons - Answer Most are located in brain, spinal cord and autonomic ganglia between sensory and motor neurons Four Types of Neuroglia in the CNS - Answer Ependymal cells Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Microglia 4 | P a g e Ependymal cells - Answer Line central canal of spinal cord and ventricles of brain Secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have cilia or microvilli that circulat........